K-12 TLC Guide to Architecture & Design. K-12 TLC Guide to Art. K-12 TLC Guide to Photography. K-12 TLC Guide to Art of Ancient Civilizations of Mesopotamia and Near East. K-12 TLC Guide to the Art of Ancient Egypt. K-12 TLC Guide to the Art of Ancient Greece. K-12 TLC Guide to the Art of the Roman Empire. I. Art Fundamentals A. Elements of Art 1. Line 2. Shape/form 3. Space 4. Color 5. Texture B. Principles of Composition 1. Rhythm/movement/pattern 2. Balance 3. Contrast/emphasis/variety 4. Proportion 5. Unity C. Processes and Techniques 1. Drawing a) Traditional and contemporary purposes b) Media, tools, and surfaces used c) Techniques used in drawing 2. Painting a) Traditional and contemporary purposes b) Media, tools, and surfaces used c) How changing technology has changed painting 3. Printmaking a) Traditional and contemporary purposes b) Media, tools, and surfaces used c) Types of relief printing d) Intaglio processes e) Lithographic processes f) Screen printing processes 4. Sculpture a) Traditional and contemporary purposes b) Media, tools, and surfaces used c) Techniques used in sculpting 5. Textiles a) Uses b) Range of materials and processes c) Impact of geography/environment on materials and uses 6. Photography a) Traditional and contemporary techniques b) Effect on painting 7. Architecture a) Techniques b) Materials c) Purposes 8. Environmental Art a) Purposes b) Departures from traditional art forms II. Ancient Near Eastern Art A. Introduction 1. Historical overview a) Geography b) Political background c) Social background d) Religious background 2. Overview of art historical developments in the ancient Near East a) Sculpture b) Decorative/utilitarian arts c) Architecture d) Innovations and themes e) Techniques and materials B. Selected Art Historical Periods and Works 1. Sumer—selected work: Standing male worshipper, 2750–2600 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function in religious practice d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 2. Akkad (general tendencies and innovations; no selected work) 3. Babylonia (general tendencies and innovations; no selected work) 4. Assyria—selected work: Human-headed winged lion (lamassu), c. 883–859 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of architectural sculpture d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 5. Neo-Babylonia—selected work: Panel: striding lion, c. 604–562 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function in palace context d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 6. Iran: Achaemenid Persia—selected work: Vessel terminating in the forepart of a lion, 5th century B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of decorative vessel d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context III. Ancient Egyptian Art A. Introduction 1. Historical overview a) Geography b) Political background c) Social background d) Religious background 2. Overview of art historical developments in ancient Egypt a) Sculpture b) Painting c) Architecture d) Innovations and themes e) Techniques and materials B. Selected Art Historical Periods and Works 1. Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom—selected work: Statue of Demedji and Hennutsen, c. 2465–26 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of portrait sculpture d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 2. Middle Kingdom—selected work: Model of a Riverboat, c. 1985 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of tomb offerings d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 3. Third Intermediate Period—selected work: Section from the "Book of the Dead" of Nany, c. 1040–945 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of "Books of the Dead" d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context IV. Art of Ancient Aegean Civilizations (Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean) A. Introduction 1. Historical overview a) Geography b) Political background c) Social background d) Religious background 2. Overview of art historical developments in the ancient Aegean world a) Sculpture b) Architecture c) Painting d) Decorative/utilitarian arts e) Innovations and themes f) Techniques and materials B. Selected Art Historical Periods and Works 1. Cycladic—selected work: Statuette of a woman, c. 2600–2400 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of figurative sculpture d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 2. Minoan—selected work: Palace at Knossos, Knossos, Crete, c. 1600–1400 B.C. a) Type of structure b) Techniques c) Function of palace architecture d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 3. Mycenaean—selected work: Stirrup jar with octopus, c. 1200–1100 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of vessel and decorative painting d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context V. Ancient Greek Art A. Introduction 1. Historical overview a) Geography b) Political background c) Social background d) Religious background 2. Overview of art historical developments in ancient Greece a) Sculpture b) Architecture c) Painting d) Decorative/utilitarian arts e) Innovations and themes f) Techniques and materials B. Selected Art Historical Periods and Works 1. Archaic Period—selected work: Statue of a kouros (Youth), c. 590–580 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of figurative sculpture d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 2. Classical Period—selected work: Amphora (jar), Side A: Kithara Player, c. 490 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of vessel/painting d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 3. Classical Period—selected work: Grave stele with a family group, c. 360 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 4. Hellenistic Period—selected work: Statuette of a veiled and masked dancer, 3rd–2nd centuries B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context VI. Ancient Etruscan and Roman Art A. Introduction 1. Historical overview a) Geography b) Political background c) Social background d) Religious background 2. Overview of art historical developments in ancient Etruria and Rome a) Sculpture b) Etruscan and Roman funerary arts c) Architecture d) Painting e) Decorative/utilitarian arts f) Innovations and themes g) Techniques and materials B. Selected Art Historical Periods and Works 1. Etruscan art—selected work: Chariot, c. 550–525 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 2. Republican Period—selected work: Cubiculum (bedroom) from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor, c. 40–30 B.C. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of the cubiculum and fresco painting d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 3. Early Empire—selected work: Statue of a boy, late 1st century B.C.–early 1st century A.D. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Function of portrait sculpture d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context 4. Late Empire—selected work: Arch of Constantine, Rome, c. A.D. 312–315 a) Type of structure b) Techniques c) Function d) Aesthetic qualities e) Significance in historical context
	K-12 TLC Guide to Economics. K-12 TLC Guide to Energy. K-12 TLC Guide to Teacher Resources for Economics and Business. I. Fundamental Economic Concepts A. Productive resources are limited. Therefore, people cannot have all of the goods and services they want; as a result, they must choose some things and give up others. 1. The basic economic problem; unlimited wants and limited resources a) Scarcity and choice b) Opportunity costs and trade-offs 2. Productive resources (factors of production): definitions and examples a) Natural resources b) Human resources c) Capital resources d) Entrepreneurial resources 3. Production of goods and services a) Goods and services are used to satisfy wants b) Production possibilities 4. Present, future, intended, and unintended consequences of choices B. Effective decision-making requires a comparison of the additional costs of alternatives with the additional benefits. Most choices involve doing a little more or a little less of something; few choices are all-or-nothing decisions. 1. Benefit-cost analysis 2. Marginal benefits and marginal costs 3. Individual and social goals a) Positive and normative economics b) Optimization C. Different methods can be used to allocate goods and services. People, acting individually or collectively through government, must choose which methods to use to allocate different kinds of goods and services. 1. The basic economic questions a) What to produce? b) How to produce? c) Who receives the benefits of production? 2. Economic systems and their characteristics a) Market b) Planned/command c) Mixed market 3. Central planning versus market mechanisms; recent examples 4. The roles and impact of competition D. People respond predictably to positive and negative incentives 1. Incentives, rewards/benefits, penalties/costs 2. Values and self-interest influence choices 3. Monetary and non-monetary incentives E. Voluntary exchange occurs only when all participating parties expect to gain. This is true of trade among individuals or organizations within a nation and among individuals and organizations in different nations. 1. Markets, trade, and exchange (domestic and foreign) 2. Barter and money 3. Free trade and trade barriers a) Quotas and tariffs b) Other forms of protectionism 4. Imports and exports a) Trade deficit b) Balance of trade F. When individuals, regions, and nations specialize in what they can produce at the lowest opportunity cost and then trade with others, both production and consumption increase. 1. Specialization and division of labor 2. Resource distribution and interdependence 3. Absolute and comparative advantages II. Microeconomics A. Markets exist when buyers and sellers interact. This interaction determines market prices and thereby allocates scarce goods and services. 1. Prices, market prices and relative prices 2. Market clearing/equilibrium price 3. Supply and quantity supplied 4. Demand and quantity demanded B. Prices send signals and provide incentives to buyers and sellers. When supply or demand changes, market prices adjust, affecting incentives. 1. Laws of supply and demand 2. Graphing supply and demand a) Supply schedule and supply curve b) Demand schedule and demand curve 3. Shifts in supply and demand 4. Substitutes and complementary goods 5. Factors influencing supply and demand a) Utility and income b) Elasticity C. Competition among sellers lowers costs and prices and encourages producers to produce more of what consumers are willing and able to buy. Competition among buyers increases prices and allocates goods and services to those people who are willing and able to pay the most for them. 1. Competition and competitive markets; incentives 2. Price and non-price competition 3. Market structures (basic types and examples) a) Monopoly b) Monopolistic competition c) Oligopoly d) Pure competition D. Institutions evolve in market economies to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. Banks, labor unions, corporations, legal systems, and not-for-profit organizations are examples of important institutions. A different kind of institution—clearly defined and well-enforced property rights—is essential to a market economy. 1. Financial intermediaries a) Savings and investment b) Interest 2. Labor unions a) Basic functions b) Market power and strikes 3. Property rights a) Importance to market decision-making b) "Tragedy of the Commons" c) Constitutional protections in the United States (1) Due process (2) Patents and copyrights E. Money makes it easier to trade, borrow, save, invest, and compare the values of goods and services. 1. Money and currencies 2. Functions of money a) Medium of exchange b) Store of value c) Standard of value 3. Money supply and changes in the supply of money a) Types of money--currency, demand deposits, savings accounts, money market b) Definitions of money supply 4. Interest rates: borrowing, saving and investment spending F. Income for most people is determined by the market value of the productive resources they sell. What workers earn depends primarily on the market value of what they produce and how productive they are. 1. Income, wages, and salaries (rent, wages, interest, profit) 2. Derived demand and labor markets a) Demand for labor b) Wage rates G. Human Capital Development and Labor Productivity 1. Factors influencing incomes 2. Returns on investment in education 3. Labor productivity 4. Technology and productivity H. Investments in factories, machinery, new technology, and the health, education, and training of people can raise future standards of living.* 1. Human and physical capital 2. Standard of living a) Definitions b) Real growth I. Entrepreneurs are people who take the risks of organizing productive resources to make goods and services. Profit is an important incentive that leads entrepreneurs to accept the risks of business failure. 1. Entrepreneurial risk and reward 2. Profit and incentives 3. Property rights III. Macroeconomics A. A nation's overall levels of income, employment, and prices are determined by the interaction of spending and production decisions made by households, firms, government agencies, and others in the economy. 1. Gross domestic product (GDP) and national income a) Nominal GDP b) Real GDP c) Per capita GDP 2. The circular flow of the economy 3. Economic growth; definitions: growth, recession, depression 4. Aggregate supply and aggregate demand B. Unemployment imposes costs on individuals and nations. Unexpected inflation imposes costs on many people and benefits others because it arbitrarily redistributes purchasing power. Inflation can reduce the rate of growth of national living standards because individuals and organizations use resources to protect themselves against the uncertainty of future prices. 1. Labor force a) Definitions b) Measurements 2. Employment and unemployment rates 3. Unemployment--causes and types a) Structural unemployment b) Cyclical unemployment c) Frictional unemployment C. Money and the Money Supply 1. Money Supply--components and measures a) M1 b) M2 and other measures 2. Consumer price index 3. Inflation 4. Interest rates, adjusted for inflation, rise and fall to balance the amount saved with the amount borrowed and thus affect the allocation of scarce resources between present and future uses. a) Nominal interest rates b) Types of interest rates; the "prime rate" c) Real/adjusted D. There is an economic role for government to play in a market economy whenever the benefits of a government policy outweigh its costs. Governments often provide national defense, address environmental concerns, define and protect property rights, and attempt to make markets more competitive. Government policies also redistribute income. 1. Public goods and services 2. Basic taxes a) Types b) Revenues c) Issues 3. Promoting competition a) U.S. Constitution commerce clause b) Antitrust laws 4. Positive and negative externalities of public policy 5. Income security and redistribution a) Social Security b) Welfare/Aid to Families with Dependent Children c) Unemployment compensation E. The costs of government policies sometimes exceed the benefits. This may occur because of incentives facing voters, government officials, and government employees, because of actions by special interest groups that can impose costs on the general public, or because social goals other than economic efficiency are being pursued. 1. Public Policy Goals a) Special interest groups b) Trade-offs c) Equity vs. efficiency 2. Price and wage controls F. The federal government's budgetary policy and the Federal Reserve System's monetary policy influence the overall levels of employment, output, and prices. 1. Fiscal policy goals and fiscal policy tools a) Federal taxes--major types b) Federal spending 2. National debt--debt vs. deficit 3. Federal Reserve System, structured and functions 4. Monetary policy goals (Employment Act of 1946) a) Price stability b) Full employment c) Economic growth 5. Monetary policy tools a) Open-market operations b) Discount rate c) Reserve requirements IV. International Trade and Global Economic Development A. Economic Growth and Development--Basic Concepts 1. Global development patterns and recent history 2. Problems of less-developed countries B. Foreign Trade and Exchange 1. Absolute and comparative advantage 2. Exchange rates, U.S. dollar, Japanese yen, and European Union euro C. United States' Trade 1. Exports, imports 2. Trade balance and deficits D. International Organizations and Trade Agreements 1. Tariffs and other trade barriers a) NAFTA, European Union, GATT b) Tariffs, quotas, protectionism c) Free trade debate 2. Conflict resolution; recent uses of trade sanctions V. The Economies of Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations (Egyptian, Greek and Roman) A. Problems Associated with the Study of Ancient Economies Using Contemporary Economic Analysis B. Dominant Economic Activities 1. Production of goods and services a) Agriculture b) Manufacturing 2. Consumption patterns a) Subsistence b) Urban-rural relationship C. Economic Organization and Economic Systems 1. City-states 2. Markets: types and competition D. Government and the Economy 1. Ownership and control of resources 2. Markets: types and competition E. Money and Exchange 1. Evolution of coins and other monies 2. Credit and banking systems F. Income Distribution 1. Class structure 2. Slavery, poverty, and welfare issues G. Trade and Interdependence 1. Colonization 2. Regional interdependence 3. Trade restrictions and warfare
	K-12 TLC Guide to Language Arts. K-12 TLC Guide to Literature. K-12 TLC Guide to Poetry. I. Critical Reading A. Genres and their Characteristics B. Purpose and Main Idea C. Structure D. Restatement of Information E. Language and Tone F. Grammar and Syntax G. Diction H. Vocabulary in Context II. Drama: Sophocles: Antigone, Oedipus the King, and Electra A. Introduction: Relationship to Theme 1. Origins of Greek drama 2. The Greek theater 3. Sources for plays 4. Comedy 5. The nature of Greek tragedy a) Structure b) Archetypal themes (1) Divine will (2) Free will (3) Family relationships (4) Vision and blindness (5) Truth and falsehood (6) Civil disobedience 6. The tragic hero 7. Aristotle 8. Principal tragedians B. Sophocles (c. 496-405 B.C.) 1. Use of contrasts 2. Repetition 3. Irony 4. Stichomythia 5. Triangular scenes 6. Themes C. Antigone 1. Background a) Family of Oedipus b) Eteocles and Polyneices 2. Themes a) Supremacy of state b) Rites demanded by the gods c) Individual vs. the state 3. Characters a) Antigone b) Ismene c) Creon d) Haemon e) Teiresias f) Eurydice g) Guard h) Messenger D. Oedipus the King 1. Background a) Death of Laius b) Solving the riddle of the Sphinx c) Thebes smitten by plague 2. Themes a) Search for truth b) Fate and free will c) Supremacy of the gods 3. Characters a) Oedipus b) Creon c) Teiresias d) Iocasta e) Chorus f) Priest g) Corinthian shepherd h) Theban shepherd i) Messenger E. Electra 1. Background a) Sacrifice of Iphigenia b) Murder of Agamemnon c) Exile of Orestes 2. Themes Family Revenge Truth and falsehood 3. Characters a) Electra b) Chrysothemis c) Clytemnestra d) Orestes e) Tutor f) Aegisthus g) Chorus F. Influence of Greek drama III. Shorter Selections A. Introduction: Relationship to Theme B. Homer (c. 850 B.C.): Excerpt from the Illiad 1. Survival of the epic 2. Features of the epic 3. The Illiad 4. Gods of Olympus 5. Stylistic characteristics 6. Historical background a) The Trojan War b) The wrath of Achilles 7. Excerpt from Book XXII of the Illiad a) Context of excerpt b) Role of Athena c) Hector and Achilles C. Plato (c. 427-347 B.C.): Allegory of the Cave 1. Biography a) Athens in the fourth century B.C. b) Socrates c) The sophists 2. The Republic 3. Theory of Forms 4. Definition of allegory 5. Allegory of the Cave D. John Keats (1795-1821): "Ode on a Grecian Urn" 1. Biography a) Early death from tuberculosis b) Prolific poetic output 2. Romanticism 3. Hellenism 4. "Ode on a Grecian Urn" a) Theme b) Form c) Use of language E. W.H. Auden (1907-1973): "Musee des Beaux Arts" 1. Background a) Early influences b) Travel c) "English Auden" and later Auden 2. Literary influences 3. Political influences 4. "Musee des Beaux Arts" a) Context b) Theme c) Form F. Anne Sexton (1928-1974): "To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph" 1. Background a) Mental illness and suicide attempts b) Poetry as therapy 2. Influences a) Robert Lowell b) W.D. Snodgrass c) Sylvia Plath 3. Confessional Poetry 4. Themes a) Female issues b) Fairy tales 5. "To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph" a) Form b) Theme c) Language G. Margaret Atwood (1939-): "Siren Song" 1. Background a) Education and teaching b) Canadian identity c) Feminism 2. Novels 3. "Siren Song" a) Form b) Point of view c) Language d) Ambiguity
	K-12 TLC Guide to Mathematics. Algebra: K-12 TLC Guide. Calculus: K-12 TLC Guide. Fractions: K-12 TLC Guide. Functions: K-12 TLC Guide. Geometry: K-12 TLC Guide. Trigonometry & Pre-Calculus: K-12 TLC Guide. I. General Math A. Applications Involving Integers, Fractions, Decimals, and Percents B. Basic Counting Techniques 1. Multiplication principle 2. Permutations and combinations C. Probability of Equally Likely Events II. Algebra A. Solving Polynomial Equations 1. Linear and quadratic equations 2. Higher order equations a) Quadratic form b) Remainder and factor theorem c) Rational roots theorem B. Solving Inequalities 1. Linear and quadratic 2. Absolute value C. Functions: Rational, Exponential, and Logarithmic 1. Domain range 2. Composition 3. Inverses 4. Graphing D. Complex Numbers 1. Operations with complex numbers 2. Complex numbers as roots of equations III. Geometry A. Right Triangles 1. Pythagorean theorem 2. Special triangles B. Coordinate Geometry 1. Midpoint 2. Slope 3. Distance formula 4. Parallel and perpendicular lines 5. Properties of quadrilaterals C. Plane and Solid Figures 1. Area of triangles, quadrilaterals, and circles 2. Area and volume of prisms, pyramids, cylinders, spheres, and cones 3. Properties of similar figures 4. Properties of circles a) Angle measures b) Tangents, secants, and intersecting chords IV. Trigonometry A. Right Triangle Relationships B. Trigonometric Functions C. Inverse Trigonometric Functions D. Graphs E. Identities F. Trigonometric Equations V. Differential Calculus A. Basic Limits and Continuity B. First and Second Derivatives and their Graphical Interpretation C. Equation of a Tangent Line D. Rates of Change E. Maxima and Minima
	K-12 TLC Guide to Composers. K-12 TLC Guide to Music. An Introduction to the Music of the Classical Era: The Legacy of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven I. Basic Elements of Music Theory A. Acoustical Properties of Music 1. Pitch 2. Duration 3. Volume (dynamics) 4. Timbre (tone color) B. Formal Properties of Music 1. Rhythm and meter 2. Melody 3. Harmony 4. Texture 5. Form a) Binary form (AB) b) Ternary form (ABA) C. Voices and Instruments 1. The four voice parts 2. Brass instruments 3. Woodwind instruments 4. Stringed instruments 5. Percussion instruments 6. The piano II. The Concept of "Classical" A. Definition of "Classical" Music B. The Influence of Classical Antiquity in the Eighteenth Century 1. "Noble simplicity and quiet grandeur": the authority of Greece and Rome a)Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Socrates (1787) 2. Balance, proportion, and symmetry as aesthetic properties of Classical music a) Thomas Jefferson, Library of the Univerisy of Virginia b) Listening selection: "Voi che sapete," from Le nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro) C. The Role of Vienna in the Formation of the Classical Musical Style III. The Dissolution of the Baroque Style and the Rise of the Classical Style A. Johann Sebastian Bach as a Historical Watershed B. The Baroque or "Learned" Style 1. Character: continuity of affect or mood 2. Stylistic traits: motoric rhythms, sequential melodic writing, polyphonic textures 3. Persistence of baroque traits in the Classical period 4. Listening selection: Haydn's String Quartet in D Major, op. 64, no. 5, "The Lark," finale: vivace C. The Rococo Style 1. French vs. Italian tastes 2. The keyboard works of Francois Couperin (1668-1773) D. The Keyboard Works of Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) E. The Galant Style 1. Its character: elegant, modern, oriented toward the voice, offering a pleasing variety 2. Musical elements: discrete phrasing, clear melodies, homophonic textures 3. Listening selection: Mozart's String Quartet in G, K. 387, molto allegro F. The Empfindsamer Style 1. The ideal of a speech-like instrumental style 2. The sentimental artist: "If you wish to move your audience, you yourself must first be moved" 3. Listening selection: Mozart's String Quintet in G Minor, K. 516, adagio non troppo G. The "Sturm und Drang" 1. Relation to the Empfindsamer style 2. Relation to Romanticism 3. Stylistic traits: preference for minor mode; dissonant harmonies; polyphonic textures; sudden dynamic contrasts 4. Listening selection: Haydn's Symphony no. 44 in E Minor, "Trauersinfonie," allegro con brio H. The Influence of Italian Comic Opera 1. The reform of comedy in the eighteenth century 2. Acceleration of dramatic pacing 3. Variety of moods, characters 4. Listening selection: Pergolesi's "Son imbrogliato io gia," from La Serva Padrona (The Maid as Mistress) I. The Rise of Instrumental Music 1. Imitative theories of music 2. Nonrepresentational theories of music 3. The sonata form 4. Listening selection: Haydn's Symphony no. 104 in D, finale, spiritoso IV. Music and Society in the Age of Enlightenment A. Music in the Age of Reason 1. The Enlightenment 2. The rise of the middle class 3. The concept of taste in the eighteenth century 4. The dissemination of music a) The rise of the public concert b) Music publishing B. Serious Opera in the Eighteenth Century 1. Serious opera and the courts 2. Opera seria (Italian serious opera) a) The recitative b) The da capo aria 3. Christoph Willibald Gluck and the reform of opera seria 4. Opera in France a) The recitative b) The aria C. Church Music in the Classical Era 1. Compatibility with the Classical style 2. Emperor Joseph II's attitude toward church music 3. Mozart and the Archbishop Colloredo 4. The influence of J.S. Bach and George Frideric Handel on church music of the Classical era V. Major Genres, Forms and Composers A. Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) 1. Life a) Career in Esterhaza b) The London Concerts 2. The string quartet a) The string quartet as the composer's genre in the eighteenth century b) The conversational style c) Finales in multi-movement works d) Rondo form e) Listening selection revisited: String Quartet in D, op. 64, no. 5, "The Lark," finale: vivace 3. The oratorio a) The sublime mode (1) Contrasted with the "beautiful" in aesthetics (2) Joseph Wright of Derby, Virgil's Tomb(1782) b) Listening selection: Die Schöpfung (The Creation), Recitative and Chorus: "In the beginning" B. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) 1. Life a) Mozart's early years in Salzburg b) Mozart as a child prodigy c) Early European tours and the influence of Leopold Mozart d) Mozart and masonry e) Mozart and Salieri f) Myths surrounding Mozart's death and the composition of the Requiem 2. The concerto a) Origins in solo sonata form b) Ritornello form c) The composer and the virtuoso in the eighteenth century d) Listening selection: Piano Concerto in A Major, K. 488, allegro 3. Opera buffa a) The fortunes of Italian comic opera in Vienna b) Mozart's operatic achievement: music as equivalent to dramatic action c) Listening selection: "Ah taci ingiusto core," from Don Giovanni 4. Singspiel a) German opera in Vienna b) Singspiel compared with opera buffa c) Listening selection: Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute), excerpt from the second-act finale C. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) 1. Life a) Early years in Bonn b) Beethoven and the patronage system c) Deafness and the Heiligenstadt Testament d) Personality 2. Music a) The period of imitation b) The heroic period (1) Beethoven compared to Mozart: the heroic and the comic modes (2) Listening selection: Symphony No. 3 in E-flat Major, "Eroica," allegro con brio c) The late period (1) Relation to Classical style (2) The retreat from the public (3) Listening selection: String Quartet in C-sharp Minor, op. 131 (a) Presto (scherzo) (b) Allegro (finale) VI. The End of the Classical Era A. Classical and Romantic Styles Compared B. The Reaction Against Beethoven 1. Miniaturization and the rise of character pieces 2. The abandonment of cosmopolitanism and the turn to individualism C. Schubert as a Classical Composer 1. Symphonies 2. Sonatas 3. String Quartets
Social Science	K-12 TLC Guide to Ancient Civilizations of Mesopotamia and the Near East . K-12 TLC Guide to Ancient Egypt . K-12 TLC Guide to Ancient Greece . K-12 TLC Guide to the Roman Empire . I. Emergence of the Ancient World A. Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumer, Akkad, Ur 1. Ancient Sumer a) Protoliterate Period b) Early Dynastic Period 2. Akkadian Empire 3. The Third Dynasty of Ur B. Ancient Egypt and the Old Kingdom 1. Pre-Dynastic Period 2. Early Dynastic Egypt a) "0" Dynasty b) Dynasties 1 and 2 3. Old Kingdom a) 3rd Dynasty and King Djoser b) The pyramid builders of the 4th Dynasty (1) Snefru (2) Khufu (3) Khafre (4) Menkaure c) 5th and 6th Dynasties C. Minoan Crete 1. Middle Minoan Period 2. Late Minoan Period D. Ancient Egypt through the Middle Kingdom 1. First Intermediate Period 2. Middle Kingdom a) 11th Dynasty b) 12th Dynasty c) 13th Dynasty E. Ancient Mycenae 1. Middle and Late Helladic I and II 2. The Mycenaean Palace Age a) Palaces b) Social structure II. Conquest, Transition, and Diplomacy A. Ancient Babylon to 1595 B.C. 1. The states of Isin and Larsa 2. 1st Dynasty of Babylon a) Hammurabi b) Law Code c) Contribution and decline B. Rival Kingdoms and States in the Near East and Egypt 1. Near Eastern rival powers a) Assyrians b) Hurrians c) Hittites d) Kassites 2. Egypt: Second Intermediate Period a) 14th Dynasty b) 15th and 16th Dynasties c) 17th Dynasty C. Imperial Egypt: New Kingdom 1. Rise to Empire a) Ahmose I b) Amenhotep I c) Thutmose I d) Thutmore II 2. Hatshepsut's regency 3. Pre-Amarna expansion and conquest a) Thutmose III b) Amenhotep II c) Thutmose IV d) Amenhotep III D. Ancient Near Eastern Empires to 932 B.C. 1. Kassite Dynasty 2. Kingdom of the Mitanni 3. Hittite Kingdom 4. Middle Assyrian Empire E. Egypt: The New Kingdom 1. Amarna Age a) Akhenaten b) Tutankhamen c) Horemheb 2. The Ramessid Period a) 19th Dynasty b) 20th Dynasty III. Colonization, Conflict, and Crisis in the Ancient World A. Phoenicia and Its Colonies 1. A nation of traders 2. Colonization 3. Dynastic Rule a) Abibaal Dynasty b) Ittobaal Dynasty B. Migration and Expansion in Greece 1. Roots of Hellenism 2. Dark Ages a) Emerging dialects b) Lefkandi 3. Poleis 4. Colonization in the Early Archaic Age C. Ancient Etruria on the Italian Peninsula 1. Villanovan culture a) Trade b) Transition and orientalization 2. Archaic Period D. Aggressive Empires 1. Neo-Assyrian Empire a) Tiglath-Pileser III b) Shalmaneser V c) Sargon II d) Sennacherib e) Esarhaddon f) Ashurbanipal 2. Neo-Babylonian Empire a) Nabopolassar b) Nebuchadnezzar 3. Early Persian Empire a) Cyrus the Great b) Cambyses II c) Darius I d) Xerxes I E. Regions of Greece and Their Early Development 1. Thessaly, Epirus, and Macedonia 2. Aetolia, Attica, and Boeotia 3. The Isthmus of Corinth 4. The Peloponnese IV. Greek Classicism and Cultural Diffusion A. Archaeic Greece 1. The effects of colonization 2. Rise of Tyrants 3. Ionia B. The Rise of Sparta and Athens 1. Sparta and its alliances 2. Athenian democracy a) Draco b) Solon c) Pisistratus d) Cleisthenes C. Alliance and War in Classical Greece 1. Ionian Rebellion 2. The Persian Wars 3. The Delian League 4. The First Peloponnesian War 5. The Age of Pericles 6. The Second Peloponnesian War 7. Spartan and Theban hegemonies D. Macedonian Conquest 1. Alexander the Great 2. The Diadochi--Hellenistic kingdoms a) Ptolemaic Kingdom b) Macedonian Kingdom c) Seleucid Kingdom V. The Struggle for Empire in Rome A. Royal Rome and the Early Roman Republic 1. The king and his government 2. Patricians and plebeians 3. Republican political structure 4. Minor wars of expansion B. The Roman Republic 1. Roman expansion 2. The Punic Wars a) First Punic War b) Second Punic War 3. Hellenic conquest 4. Roman warfare 5. Republican democracy C. Roman Revolution 1. The Late Republic 2. Tiberius Gracchus 3. Gaius Gracchus 4. Marius 5. Sulla and constitutional reform D. Imperial Rome 1. The First Triumvirate 2. The Second Triumvirate 3. The Augustan Principate 4. The Julio-Claudian emperors 5. The Flavians 6. The "Good Emperors" a) Nerva b) Trajan c) Hadrian d) Antoninus Pius e) Marcus Aurelius E. Crisis, Recovery, and Decline in Rome 1. The Severi 2. Civil Disorder 3. Imperial reorganization a) Diocletian b) Constantine 4. Constantinople
	Astronomy—From Empty Space to Incredible Universe: The Sky Is Not the Limit I. An Introduction to Astronomy--An Overview of Key Concepts A. The Location and Movement of Celestial Bodies 1. The celestial sphere 2. Constellations 3. Stellar and planetary motion 4. Lunar phases 5. Eclipses B. The Science of Astronomy C. Major Theories, Advancements, and Discoveries 1. Earth-centered theories and sun-centered theories 2. Discoveries of planets, galaxies, pulsars, and quasars 3. Advances in astrophysics II. Gazing Upward--Humankind's Fascination with the Heavens A. Ancient Perspective 1. Ptolemaic System a) Geocentric cosmological theory b) Retrograde motion 2. Eratosthenes--circumference of the earth 3. Hipparchus--precession of equinoxes 4. Aristarchus of Samos--heliocentric theory B. Groundbreaking Astronomers and Astronomical Discoveries 1. Copernicus a) Heliocentric theory confirmed b) Retrograde motion revisited 2. Galileo a) First astronomical telescope b) Stellar view of the Milky Way 3. Kepler a) Laws of planetary motion b) Celestial mechanics 4. Bessel--determination of stellar parallax and distance 5. Hubble--the expansion of the universe C. Tools of Discovery: Grand Old Telescopes 1. Palomar 2. Mount Wilson 3. McDonald Observatory III. The Solar System A. Planetary Orbits B. The Earth and Moon C. The Other Terrestrial Planets 1. Mercury 2. Venus 3. Mars D. The Jovian Planets 1. The Jupiter System 2. Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune E. Solar System Leftovers 1. Pluto 2. Comets 3. Asteroids 4. Meteorites F. The Sun IV. Cosmic Structures--Stars, Pulsars, and Black Holes A. Stars 1. Main sequence stars 2. Stellar evolution--the life cycle and death of stars 3. Binary and multiple-star systems 4. Neutron stars and x-ray binaries a) Rotation-powered pulsars b) Accretion-powered pulsars B. Black Holes 1. Stellar Black Holes 2. Mid-mass black holes 3. Supermassive black holes C. NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory V. Normal Galaxies, Active Galaxies, and Quasars--Exploring the Milky Way and Beyond A. Types of Galaxies 1. Normal galaxies and starburst galaxies 2. Quasars and active galaxies 3. Elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies 4. Dwarf galaxies B. Galactic Structure and Contents 1. Nucleus 2. Bulge 3. Disk 4. Halo 5. Dark matter 6. Cosmic microwave background radiation C. The Milky Way Galaxy D. The Life Cycle of Galaxies 1. Galaxy formation 2. Galactic collisions and mergers E. NASA's Wilkinson Micrwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) VI. The Universe: Cosmological Theories and the Future of Astronomy A. Big Bang Cosmology 1. Foundations of the Big Bang model a) General Theory of Relativity b) The Cosmological Principle 2. Tests of the Big Bang model a) The expansion of the universe b) The abundance of light elements c) The cosmic microwave background radiation B. Beyond the Big Bang Model: Inflation Theory C. The Contents of the Universe 1. Radiation 2. Baryonic matter 3. Dark matter 4. Dark energy D. Determining the Age, Shape, and Expansion Rate of the Universe 1. The critical density 2. The Hubble constant 3. Use of Cepheid Variables as distance indicators 4. Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) 5. The cosmological constant E. The Fate of the Universe--Endless Expansion vs. the "Big Crunch" F. The Future of Astronomy--What, if anything, is left to discover?

This guide last edited 10/18/2004
This guide created 10/01/2004