The K-12 TLC Daily Almanac

for

		FEBRUARY 3

Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching

Why do you teach? Let Us Know.		Tell Us about your most memorable teacher.

Today's 5-Minute Quest

Answers to all questions can be found on this page or by using links provided on this page.
Good Luck!

BEGINNERS

1. Who became the first African-American to head a professional sports league on this date in 1989? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. Why was the president of the Alabama NAACP arrested on this date in 1988? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

3. According to the Negro Baseball League, what story would Satchel Paige tell about how fast Cool Papa Bell was? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the name of a performing artist born on this date:
ILL IN HARD STRONG ARM

INTERMEDIATE

1. What anniversary is remembered on Mozambique's Heroes' Day? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. According to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, how did Dr. Ronald McNair die? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

3. According to Red Hot Jazz, in what year did Lil Hardin Armstrong marry Louis Armstrong? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the title of a poem by Maya Angelou (according to the Academy of American Poets):
LI IS RESLIT

EXPERT
(hint: all three questions will require you to use a link found on this page)

1. According to The Black Collegian, what was Maya Angelou's name at birth?

2. According to the Nobel Foundation, Ralph Bunche was an acting mediator for what area of the world?

3. Who defied Apartheid with a South African beach walk the same year Bill White became President of the National League?

Use all of these letters to spell the name of a team for which Cool Papa Bell played (according to the Baseball Hall of Fame):
TRY SEA DOME SHAG


Maya Angelou	Ronald McNair	Lil Hardin Armstrong Born on This Date 1898 [Riverwalk]	Ralph Bunche	James "Cool Papa" Bell


Mozambique: Heroes' Day (Observance of the anniversary of the assassination of President Eduardo Mondlane 2/3/1969)
São Tomé e Príncipe: Martyrs' Day (Observed annually on February 3)



1907	Walt Morey (Washington-born Children's Author)
1927	Joan Lowery Nixon (Los Angeles-born Children's Author)
1945	John Wallner (Missouri-born Children's Author)

1811	Horace Greeley (New Hampshire-born Pioneer, Journalist)
1842	Sidney Lanier (Georgia-born Poet, Composer)
1874	Gertrude Stein (Pennsylvania-born Author)
1898	Ralph McGill (Tennessee-born Editor/Publisher of the Atlanta Constitution)
1899	Lao Shê (Chinese Novelist, Playwright)
1907	Hodding Carter (Louisiana-born Journalist Awarded the 1946 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing)
1907	James A. Michener (New York City-born Novelist Awarded the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: Tales of the South Pacific)
1926	Richard Yates (New York City-born Author)
1947	Paul Auster (New Jersey-born Author)

1894	Norman Rockwell (New York City-born Artist, Illustrator)
1914	Inge Ruth Hardison (Virginia-born African-American Artist)

1809	Felix Mendelssohn (German Composer)

1811	Elizabeth Blackwell (English Physician; the First Woman to Obtain a Medical Degree in the United States)
1867	Charles Turner (Ohio-born Entomologist)

1807	James Densmore (New York-born Journalist, Business Leader in Pennsylvania and Wisconsin Who Coined the Term "Typewriter")

1807	Joseph E. Johnston (Virginia-born Confederate General)
1824	George Thomas "Tige" Anderson (Georgia-born Confederate General)

1909	Simone Weil (French Philosopher, Political Activist)

1815	Edward Roye (Ohio-born Fifth President of Liberia)
1846	Judson Harmon (Governor of Ohio)
1862	James C. McReynolds (Kentucky-born Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court)
1920	John W. Schmitt (President of the Wisconsin AFL-CIO: 1966 - 1986)
1952	Anton Lubowski (Namibian Human Rights Advocate)

1904	"Pretty Boy" Floyd (Oklahoma-born Criminal)

1898	Lil Hardin Armstrong (Tennessee-born African-American Jazz Musician; Wife of Louis Armstrong)
1900	Mabel Mercer (English-born African-American Jazz Singer)
1918	Joey Bishop (New York City-born Comedian)
1943	Blythe Danner (Pennsylvania-born Actress)
1950	Morgan Fairchild (Texas-born Actress)
1956	Nathan Lane (New Jersey-born Actor)
1957	Marlon Riggs (Texas-born African-American Filmmaker)

1940	Fran Tarkenton (Virginia-born Member of the Professional Football Hall of Fame)
1945	Bob Griese (Indiana-born Member of the Professional Football Hall of Fame)

1014	King Sweyn I of Denmark
1468	Johannes Gutenberg (German-born Inventor of the Printing Press)
1870	Allen Trimble (Virginia-born Governor of Ohio)
1889	Belle Starr (Oklahoma-born Outlaw)
1922	Levin Handy (Maryland-born U.S. Congressman from Delaware)
1924	Woodrow Wilson (Virginia-born 28th President of the United States)
1948	Laura Wheeling Waring (Connecticut-born African-American Artist)
1959	Buddy Holly (Texas-born Popular Musician: Iowa Plane Crash)
	Ritchie Valens (Los Angeles-born Hispanic Popular Musician: Iowa Plane Crash)
	Jiles Perry Richardson "Big Bopper" (Texas-born Popular Musician: Iowa Plane Crash)
1969	Eduardo Mondlane President of Mozambique; Assassination)
1979	Charlemae Hill Rollins (Mississippi-born African-American Children's Author)
2009	Millard Fuller (Alabama-born Founder of Habitat for Humanity)


1488	Portuguese Explorer, Bartolomeu Dias, Discovers South Africa's Mossel Bay

1515	Britain's King Henry VIII Breaks 23 Spears and Is Highly Praised At All-comers Joust
1518	Silence was imposed on the Augustinian monks in the Roman Catholic Church by Pope Leo X

1600	Tycho Brahe & Johannes Kepler Meet for First Time Near Prague
1690	Massachusetts Authorizes First Official Paper Currency in the Western Hemisphere

1768	Andrew Turnbull Arrives on the Island of Minorca to Recruit Settlers for His New Smyrna Colony in Florida
1786	Governor Signs an Act Creating Greene County as Georgia's 11th County
1789	The Medical Society of Delaware Is Incorporated

1805	Clark: a fine day; the blacksmith again commences his opperations. we were visited by but few of the natives today. the situation of our boat and perogues is now allarming, they are firmly inclosed in the Ice and almost covered with snow. The ice which incloses them lyes in several stratas of unequal thicknesses which are seperated by streams of water. this peculiarly unfortunate because so soon as we cut through the first strata of ice the water rushes up and rises as high as the upper surface of the ice and thus creates such a debth of water as renders it impracticable to cut away the lower strata which appears firmly attatched to, and confining the bottom of the vessels. the instruments we have hitherto used has been the ax only, with which, we have made several attempts that proved unsuccessfull from the cause above mentioned. we then determined to attempt freeing them from the ice by means of boiling water which we purposed heating in the vessels by means of hot stones, but this expedient proved also fruitless, as every species of stone which we could procure in the neighbourhood partook so much of the calcarious genus that they burst into small particles on being exposed to the heat of the fire. [When rocks containing calcium carbonate are heated the CO2 is driven off, leaving a powder of CaO. Trapped moisture when heated to steam will also cause rocks to break.] we now determined as the dernier resort to prepare a parsel of Iron spikes and attatch them to the end of small poles of convenient length and endeavour by means of them to free the vessels from the ice. we have already prepared a large rope of Elk-skin and a windless by means of which we have no doubt of being able to draw the boat on the bank provided we can free from the ice.— our provisions of meat being nearly exorsted
1806	Lewis: About three o'clock Drewyer and La Page, returned; Drewyer had killed seven Elk in the point below us, several miles distant but can be approached with in ¾ of a mile with canoes by means of a small creek which discharges itself into the bay on this side of the Clatsop village direct Sergt. pryor to go in quest of the meat, the wind was so high that they were unable to set out untill a little before sunset, when they departed; at 10 P. M. they return excessively could and informed us that they could not make land on this side of the bay nor get into the creek in consequence of the tide being out and much lower than usual. we are apprehensive that the Clatsops who know where the meat is will rob us of a part if not the whole of it. at half after 4 P. M. Sergt Gass returned with his party, they brought with them the flesh of four other Elk which the hunters had found, being a part of the ten which were killed up the Netul river the other day. he left R. Fields, Shannon and Labuish to continue the hunt and made an appointment to return to them on Friday. late in the evening the four men who had been sent to assist the saltmakers in transporting meat which they had killed to their camp, also returned, and brought with them all the salt which had been made, consisting of about one busshel only. with the means we have of boiling the salt water we find it a very tedious opperation, that of making salt, notwithstanding we keep the kettles boiling day and night. we calculate on three bushels lasting us from hence to our deposits of that article on the Missouri. Gass: Some light showers of rain fell in the course of last night; and this day is still somewhat wet and cloudy. One of our hunters came in, who had killed seven elk, and returned with a party and a canoe to bring in the meat. We are fortunate in getting as much meat as we can eat; but we have no other kind of provisions.
1809	U.S. Congress Creates the Illinois Territory, Which Includes All of Present-day Wisconsin and Minnesota East of the Mississippi River
1812	Joseph Story Is Sworn In as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
1820	John Keats, Age 24, Determines He Has Terminal Tuberculosis
1821	Arkopolis Is Adopted as the Name of What Will Be Little Rock, Arkansas
1838	The Michigan Central Railroad Begins Service
1841	Republic of Texas Authorizes Mercantile Firm to Issue Money
1843	Arkansas' System of Common Schools Is Established
1847	$800 Is Raised in San Francisco for Provisions, Clothing, Horses and Mules to Rescue the Survivors of the Donner Party
1848	The British Annex the Land Between the Orange and Vaal Rivers in South Africa
1853	Fire Destroys a City Block of Little Rock, Arkansas to Include the Post Office
1858	Virginia State Senate Appropriates Money for an Equestrian Statue of George Washington
1862	President Lincoln Questions General McClellan's Plans for the Army of the Potomac
	Confederate Steamer Florida Successfully Eludes Federal Ships Blockading Florida's Eastern Coast
	President Lincoln Thanks King of Siam for Gifts, But Declines Offer of Elephants
1863	President Lincoln's Cabinet Discusses Wisdom of Shooting a Deserter as Example to the Army
1865	Lincoln and Confederate Leaders Conduct Hampton Roads Peace Conference Aboard "River Queen"
	The West Virginia Legislature Passes an Act Abolishing Slavery in the State
	British Schooner John Hale Is Captured Near St. Marks, FL Union by Schooner Matthew Vassar
1867	14-year-old Prince Mutsuhito Becomes Emperor Meiji of Japan
1867	Edward Fitzgerald Is Consecrated as the Bishop of Little Rock, Arkansas
1870	Iowa Ratifies the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
1874	Blanche Bruce First MS African American Elected to Full U.S. Senate Term
1879	Joseph Swan Demonstrates the First Electric Light at the Newcastle Chemical Society
1889	Outlaw Belle Starr Is Murdered in Oklahoma
1893	Three-foot Snow and Sub-zero Temperatures Paralyze Seattle, Washington

1913	16th Amendment Ratified Granting Congress Right to Collect Income Taxes
1916	Canada's Original Parliament Buildings, in Ottawa, Burn Down
1916	Seattle's Skinner & Eddy Shipyard Begins Ship Construction
1917	Germany Broadens Submarine Warfare - U.S. Breaks Diplomatic Relations
1919	Commission Led by President Woodrow Wilson Begins Work on the League of Nations Covenant
1919	Kiev Is Captured by the Bolsheviks
1923	8.5 Earthquake Is Centered on Russia's Volcanic Kamchatka Peninsula
1926	First Broadcast of WCOA Radio (Pensacola, Florida) Is Piped Outside to an Assembled Crowd
1930	Ho Chi Minh Presides Over Meeting At Which the Vietnamese Communist Party Is Founded
1930	Chief Justice of the United States, William Howard Taft, Resigns For Health Reasons
1931	Airmail Service Begins Between the Minnesota's Twin Cities and Winnipeg, Canada
1944	U.S. Troops Capture the Marshall Islands
1945	In the Philippines, U.S. Troops Liberate Prisoners From the Santo Tomas Camp, Including. Lt. Marcia Gates of Janesville, Wisconsin
1946	The Natal Indian Congress Protests Efforts to Limit Indian Rights in South Africa

1950	Physicist Klaus Fuchs Arrested for Passing Atomic Bomb Secrets to Soviets
1951	Tennessee Williams' The Rose Tattoo Opens at the Martin Beck Theatre on Broadway
1951	"White Rain" Falls in North & Central Florida with Crescent City and St. Augustine Receiving 2"
1952	The First Episode of the TV Program "Dragnet" Is Copyrighted
1953	French oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau Publishes The Silent World
1954	Queen Elizabeth II Makes the First Visit of a Reigning Monarch to Australia
1956	Figure Skater Tenley Albright Wins the Gold Medal at the Olympic Games in Cortina, Italy
1958	Belgium, Luxembourg and Netherlands Sign the Benelux Economic Union Treaty
1959	Day the Music Died: Plane Crash Kills Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, Big Bopper
1959	Construction Begins on the Howard A. Hanson Dam above Washington's White River Valley
1960	British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, Speaks Out Against South Africa's Apartheid
1961	The First Commercial Jet Lands in Juneau, Alaska
1964	Adolph Rupp Wins His 700th Game at the University of Kentucky
1965	NASA Launches OSO 2 Satellite to Conduct Solar Physics Experiments Above the Atmosphere
1966	Soviet Unmanned Luna IX Make First Controlled Lunar Landing
1966	NASA Launches ESSA 1 Satellite to Provide Meteorological Cloud-cover Photography
1969	Mozambique President Mondlane Assassinated by Secret Police Mail Bomb
1969	Palestinian National Congress Appoints Yasser Arafat Head of the PLO
1970	NASA Launches SERT II Developmental Spacecraft into a 1000-km-high Polar Orbit
1972	U.S. Postal Service Issues an 8-cent Commemorative Stamp Honoring Georgia Poet Sidney Lanier
1973	President Nixon Signs Endangered Species Act into Law
1978	European Economic Community Signs First Trade Agreement with China
1978	Egyptian President Sadat Arrives in U.S. to Discuss Middle East Peace with President Carter
1980	Rookie Larry Bird Hits the First 3-Point Shot in NBA All-Star Game History
1984	NASA Launches Challenger (STS-41-B): Mission Includes First Untethered Space Walks
1984	California Woman Gives Birth to the First Child by Embryo Transfer
1986	President Reagan Appoints a Commission to Investigate the Challenger Disaster
1986	Pope John Paul II Visits Mother Teresa's Refuge in Calcutta
1988	The President of Alabama's NAACP Arrested for Removing the Confederate Flag from State Capitol
	U.S. House of Representatives Rejects President Reagan's Request for $36M Aid to Nicaraguan Contras
	British Nurses Protest for Better Pay
1989	Paraguay's Stroessner Regime Is Overthrown in a Military Coup Headed by General Andres Rodriguez
1989	National League President Bill White Is First African-American to Head a Pro Sports League
1991	US First-Class Postage Increases from 25¢ to 29¢
1994	President Bill Clinton Lifts U.S. Trade Embargo against Vietnam
1994	NASA Launches Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-60) with First Russian Cosmonaut Aboard
1995	NASA Launches Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-63) with First Female Pilot
1996	6.6 Kills 322 in Yunnan, China
1998	U.S. Military Jet Causes Cable Car Tragedy in Italian Ski Resort: 20 Die

2005	Alberto R. Gonzales Is Sworn in as the Nation's First Hispanic Attorney General
2009	Eric Holder Is Sworn in as the Nation's First African-American Attorney General

FEBRUARY 3