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FEBRUARY 14 |
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| Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching |
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| Why do you teach? Let Us Know. |
| Tell Us about your most memorable teacher. |
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Today's 5-Minute Quest
Good Luck! |
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![]() Moneta Sleet Born on This Date 1926 [State of Kentucky] |
![]() Elijah McCoy |
![]() Duke Ellington |
![]() Frederick Douglass |
![]() Jesse Owens |
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Valentine's Day
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Ferris Wheel Day
(Commemorates birth date of Ferris Wheel inventor George Washington Gale Ferris: 02/14/1859) |
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Bulgaria: Trifon Zarezan/Vinegrowers' Day
(Observed annually on February 14) |
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| 1952 | George Shannon (Kansas-born Professional Storyteller, Children's Author) |
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| 1953 | Paul O. Zelinsky (Chicago-born Children's Author, Illustrator Awarded the 1998 Caldecott Medal for Rapunzel) |
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| 1856 | Frank Harris (Irish-American Author, Editor) |
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| 1864 | Israel Zangwill (English Playwright and Novelist) |
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| 1882 | George Jean Nathan (Indiana-born Playwright, Journalist) |
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| 1909 | A. Moses Klein (Russian-Canadian Poet) |
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| 1944 | Carl Bernstein (Washington, D.C.-born Journalist Who Helped Expose the Watergate Affair) |
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| 1959 | Tsitsi Dangarembga (Zimbabwean Film Director, Novelist) |
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| 1912 | Oliver Harrington (New York-born African-American Cartoonist) |
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| 1926 | Moneta Sleet, Jr. (Kentucky-born African-American Photographer Awarded the 1969 Pulitzer Prize for Photography) |
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| 1819 | Christopher Sholes (Pennsylvania-born Inventor of the Typewriter) |
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| 1838 | Margaret E. Knight (Maine-born Inventor of the Flat-bottomed Grocery Bag) |
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| 1859 | George Washington Gale Ferris (Illinois-born Inventor of the Ferris Wheel) |
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| 1869 | Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (Scottish-born 1927 Nobel Laureate in Physics) |
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| 1917 | Herbert A. Hauptman (New York-born 1985 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry) |
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| 1928 | Frank Borman (Indiana-born Astronaut) |
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| 1763 | General Jean-Victor Marie Moreau (French General) |
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| 1829 | Alfred Iverson Jr. (Georgia-born Confederate General) |
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| 1760 | Richard Allen (Pennsylvania-born First African-American Methodist Bishop) |
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| 1833 | William Watts Folwell (New York-born Educator, Historian; First President of the University of Minnesota) |
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| 1817 | Frederick Douglass (Maryland-born African-American Escaped Slave, Human Rights Advocate, Journalist) |
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| 1847 | Anna Howard Shaw (English Women's Suffragist) |
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| 1848 | Harriet Laura Cramer (Wisconsin-born Philanthropist and Patron of the Arts) |
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| 1874 | Charlotta Amanda Bass (South Carolina-born African-American Newspaper Publisher, Civil Rights Activist) |
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| 1913 | Jimmy Hoffa (Indiana-born Labor Leader) |
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| 1894 | Jack Benny (Illinois-born Comedian) |
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| 1905 | Thelma Ritter (New York City-born Actress) |
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| 1929 | Vic Morrow (New York City-born Actor) |
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| 1934 | Florence Henderson (Indiana-born Actress) |
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| 1942 | Alan Parker (English Film Director) |
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| 1943 | Maceo Parker (North Carolina-born African-American Jazz Saxophonist) |
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| 1946 | Gregory Hines (New York City-born African-American Actor) |
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| 1948 | Raymond Joseph Teller (Pennsylvania-born Magician: The Quiet Half of Penn and Teller) |
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| 1960 | Meg Tilly (Canadian Actress) |
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| 1913 | Woody Hayes (Ohio-born Coach: Member of the College Football Hall of Fame) |
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| Mel Allen (Alabama Sports Broadcaster: Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame) |
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| 1935 | Mickey Wright (California-born Member of the Golf Hall of Fame) |
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| 1960 | Jim Kelly (Pennsylvania-born Member of the Professional Football Hall of Fame) |
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| 1972 | Drew Bledsoe (Washington-born Professional Football Player) |
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| 1973 | Steve McNair (Mississippi-born African-American Professional Football Player) |
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| 1400 | Richard II, King of England (Murdered) |
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| 1742 | Edmond Halley (English Astronomer: Namesake of Halley's Comet) |
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| 1779 | Captain James Cook (English Explorer Murdered by Hawaiian Natives) |
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| 1808 | John Dickinson (Maryland-born Lawyer, Pamphleteer, Politician) |
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| 1884 | Mittie Roosevelt (Mother of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt) |
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| Alice Lee Roosevelt (Wife of Theodore Roosevelt) |
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| 1891 | William Tecumseh Sherman (Ohio-born Union General) |
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| 1898 | C.L. Dodgson (English Author, Lewis Carroll) |
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| 1943 | David Hilbert (German Mathematician) |
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| 1962 | Herman Guy Kump (Former Governor of West Virginia) |
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| 1975 | P. G. Wodehouse (English Author) |
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| 1979 | Adolph Dubs (U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Killed in a Shootout After Abduction by Islamic Extremists) |
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| 2005 | Rafik Hariri (Former Prime Minister of Lebanon - Assassination) |
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| 2011 | George Shearing (British-American Jazz Pianist) |
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| 1349 | The Jews of Strasbourg, France Are Blamed for Causing the Plague: 2,000 Are Burned at the Stake |
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| 1556 | Thomas Cranmer Is Deposed as the Archbishop of Canterbury by Mary Queen of Scots |
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| 1729 | Marqués de Aguayo Proposes Spain Relocate Families from the Canary Islands to Texas |
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| 1779 | 340 Patriots Defeat a Militia of 700 Loyalists at Kettle Creek, Georgia |
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| Private George Laha of Is Discharged from the Delaware Regiment and Resumes His Life as a Slave |
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| Hawaiian Natives Murder English Explorer, Captain James Cook, on His Third Visit to the Islands |
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| 1805 |
![]() Clark: The Snow fell 3 inches Deep last night, a fine morning, Dispatched George Drewyer & 3 men [Drouillard, Frazer, Goodrich, and Newman] with two Slays drawn by 3 horses for the meat left below—
Whitehouse: This morning we had clear weather but pleasant.— The officers sent 4 Men [Drouillard, Frazer, Goodrich, and Newman] with 3 Horses and two Sleds (the horses being procur'd from the North West company's Traders) to bring the Meat, left by Captain Clark, and his party to the Fort; They set out on the Ice and proceeded on about 25 Miles, when they halted to water their horses, at a place in the River, that was open near a piece of Timber'd Land, where there was a Warr path, part of the Souix Nation being hidden in that place, waiting to plunder & murder any that might pass by them, that were not of their own nation,
The Savages rushed out of this piece of Woods, and Ran towards our four Men Whooping and Shouting as they These Savages took the two other horses, and two knives from them, they then formed a half-Circle round them and held a consultation, the result of which, was that they should be murder'd by their party; which would certainly have been the case; had not two of their Warriors opposed them, and would not agree to its being done,
the Savages then set the
This was told to Captain Lewis (by a frenchman who lived among the pawne Indians and was there, when this set of Indians, arrived at that Village,) |
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| 1806 |
![]() Clark: We are very uneasy with respect to our Sick men at the Salt works. Serjt. Pryor and party haveing not yet returneded, nor can we conceive what can be the Cause of their delay. Drewyer visited his traps & to day and Cought a fine fat beaver on which we feasted this evening and thought it a great delecessey.—.
I compleated a map of the Countrey through which we have been passing from the Mississippi at the Mouth of In the Map the Missouri Jefferson's river the S. E. branch of the Columbia or Lewis's river, Koos-koos-ke and Columbia from the enterance of the S. E fork to the pacific Ocian, as well as a part of Clark's river and our track across the Rocky Mountains are laid down by celestial observations and Survey. the rivers are also conected at their Sources with other rivers agreeably to the information of the nativs and the most probable conjecture arrising from their capacities and the relative positions of their respective enterances which last have with but fiew exceptions been established by celestial observations. We now discover that we have found the most practicable and navigable passage across the Continent of North America; it is that which we have traveled with the exception of that part of our rout from the foot of the Falls of the Missouri, or in neighbourhood of the enterance of the Rocky Mountains untill we arive on Clarks river at the enterence of Travelers-rest Creek; the distance between those two points would be traveled more advantagiously by land as the navigation of the Missouri above the Falls is crooked laborious and 521 miles distant by which no advantage is gained as the rout which we are compelled to travel by land from the Source of Jeffersons River to the enterance of Travellers rest Creek is 220 miles being further by abt. 600 miles than that from the Falls of the Missourie to the last mentioned point (Travellers rest Creek) and a much worse rout if indian information is to be relied on which is from the So so nee or Snake Indians, and the Flatheads of the Columbia west of the rocky mountains.
from the Same information the Columbia from the enterance of the S. E. branch to the enterance of Clark's river is obstructed with a great number of dificuelt and dangerous rapids (and the place Clark's river comes out of the Rocky mountains is a tremendious falls &c which there is no possibillity of passing the mountains either by land or water.) Considering therefore the dangers and deficuelties attending the navigation of the Columbia in this part, as well as the circuitous and distant rout formed by itself and that of Clark's River we Conceive that even admitting that Clarks river contrary to information to be as navagable as the Columbia below it's enterance, that the tract by land over the Rocky Mountains usially traveled by the nativs from the enterance of Travellers rest Creek to the Forks of the Kooskooske The inferrence therefore deduced from these premises are, that the best and most practicable rout across the Continent is by way of the Missouri to the Great Falls; thence to Clarks river at the enterance of Travellers rest Creek, from thence up travillers rest Creek to the forks, from whence you prosue a range of mountains which divides the waters of the two forks of this Creek, and which still Continues it's westwardly Course on the mountains which divides the waters of the two forks of the Kooskooske river to their junction; from thence to decend this river to the S. E. branch of the Columbia, thence down that river to the Columbia, and down the Latter to the Pacific Ocian—. There is a large river which falls into the Columbia on its South Side at what point we could not lern; [Here Lewis and Clark apparently combined Indian information about the Willamette and the Snake with deductions of their own. When they discovered the Willamette on their return journey, they assumed that the "Multnomah," as they called it, was the great river coming from the southeast. They believed that this river began near the headwaters of the Missouri and the Yellowstone, which is in fact the case with the Snake. Their notion that the Rio Grande (North River, or Rio del Norte) and the "waters of California" (the Colorado River?) also rose in this same general area (which is true of the Green River, the principal tributary of the Colorado) meant that they still clung to the conception of a height of land which gave rise to all the great rivers of the West. They still did not fully appreciate the extent of territory involved, nor could they know of the existence of the Great Basin] which passes thro those extencive Columbian Plains from the South East, and as the Indians inform us head in the mountains South of the head of Jeffersons River and at no great distance from the Spanish Settlements, and that that fork which heads with the River Rajhone and waters of the Missouri passes through those extensive plains in which there is no wood, and the river Crowded with rapids & falls many of which are impassable. the other or westerly fork passes near a range of mountains and is the fork which great numbers of Indian Bands of the So sone or Snake Indians, this fork most probably heads with North River or the waters of Callifornia. This River may afford a practicable land Communication with New Mexico by means of its western fork. This river cannot be navagable as an unpracticable rapid is within one mile of its enterance into the Columbia, and we are fully purswaded that a rout by this river if practicable at all, would lengthen the distance greatly and incounter the Same dificuelties in passing the Rocky Mountains with the rout by way of Travellers rest Creek & Clarks river.
Whitehouse: This morning was warm, & we had showers of rain during the whole of this day.— The Men at the fort were employed in repairing the Carpenters Tools, making Moccasins & dressing Elk & Deer Skins.— |
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| 1812 | The Ohio Legislature Names Columbus as the State Capital |
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| 1826 | 17-year-old Edgar Allan Poe Enters the University of Virginia in Charlottesville |
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| 1840 | White South African Pioneers (Voortrekkers) Defeat the Zulus and Establish Their Own Republic |
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| 1842 | New York's Aristocracy Holds the "Boz Ball" to Honor Charles Dickens |
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| 1843 | Lincoln Makes Known His Wishes to Run for Congress |
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| 1849 | James K. Polk Is First President Photographed in Office |
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| The First American-made Valentines Are Sold in Worcester, Massachusetts |
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| The Last Troops March Out of Iowa's Fort Atkinson |
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| 1850 | Clinch County Is Created as Georgia's 95th County |
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| United States Mail Steamer Carolina Arrives in Portland, Oregon After a 6-day Journey From San Francisco |
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| In Minnesota, the Fort Snelling Post Band Travels to Stillwater to Play for a Valentine's Day Dance |
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| Florida's Fort Harvie Is re-Named in Honor of Lieutenant Colonel Abraham C. Myers |
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| 1852 | Mankato, Minnesota Is Founded and Named Using a Variation of Mahkato, the Dakota Word for the Blue Earth River |
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| 1859 | Oregon Is Admitted as 33rd State of the Union |
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| 1861 | President Lincoln's Train Is Greeted by Large Crowds in Heavy Rain from Columbus, OH to Pittsburgh |
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| 1862 | Wisconsin's Fifteenth Regiment Infantry Is Organized at Camp Randall in Madison and Mustered into Service |
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| 1864 | Sherman's Union Forces Enter Meridian, Mississippi |
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| 1867 | William J. White Founds Morehouse College with 37 Students |
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| 1876 | Alexander Graham Bell Applies for a Patent for the Telephone |
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| 1880 | Eureka Springs, Arkansas Is Incorporated |
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| 1882 | Valentine, Texas Is Founded and Named by the Southern Pacific Railroad |
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| 1884 | Theodore Roosevelt's Wife and Mother Die Only Hours Apart |
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| 1886 | The First Trainload of Oranges Leaves Los Angeles, California |
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| 1888 | The Hotel Del Coronado Opens in San Diego |
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| 1892 | Snow in Florida: Pensacola 3", Tallahassee 2", Lake City 1" |
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| 1895 | Oscar Wilde's Final Play, The Importance of Being Earnest, Opens in London |
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| 1899 | President McKinley Signs Legislation Authorizing States to Use Voting Machines for Federal Elections. |
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| 1903 | U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor Established |
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| 1905 | 7.3 Earthquake Is Centered on Alaska's Andreanof Islands |
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| 1912 | Arizona Is Admitted as 48th State of the Union |
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| 1919 | President Woodrow Wilson Presents a Draft Covenant for the League of Nations |
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| 1920 | The League of Women Voters Is Founded in Chicago |
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| 1921 | The Little Review Literary Journal Faces Obscenity Charges for Excerpting Ulysses |
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| 1924 | Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. Changes Name to IBM |
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| 1929 | St. Valentine's Day Massacre: Al Capone's Gang Murders 7 Rivals |
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| 1931 | In Juneau, Alaska, the Federal and Territorial Building (Now the State Capitol) Is Formally Dedicated |
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| 1932 | Michigan's Governor Declares a Holiday to Protects the State's Banks from Insolvency |
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| 1938 | Hedda Hopper's First Gossip Column Is Published |
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| 1940 | First Birth of a Porpoise in Captivity Occurs in Florida's Marineland, South of St. Augustine |
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| 1943 | Rommel's Afrika Korps Defeat U.S. Troops at Kasserine Pass |
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| 1944 | Seattle's Mayor Appoints a "Civic Unity Committee" to Address Racial Tensions in the City |
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| 1945 | Perú, Paraguay, Chile & Ecuador join the United Nations |
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| Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Survives the Two-day Allied Firebombing of Dresden, Germany which Killed 135,000 |
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| 1946 | 6.3 Earthquake Causes Damage in Washington's Puget Sound Area |
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| 1948 | NASCAR Is Incorporated |
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| 1949 | Chaim Weizmann Is Elected as the First President of Modern Israel |
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| 1954 | Television Station WTOC Goes on the Air as Savannah's CBS Affiliate |
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| 1957 | Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Organizes in New Orleans |
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| 1958 | Jordan & Iraq Form the Arab Federation |
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| Georgia General Assembly Censures President Eisenhower for Using National Guard in Little Rock, AR |
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| 1960 | Referendum Confirms Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan As President of Pakistan |
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| Democratic Presidential Candidate, John F. Kennedy, Campaigns in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin |
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| 1961 | Element 103, Lawrencium, Is Produced in Berkeley, California |
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| 1962 | President John Kennedy Authorizes U.S. Advisors to Fire in Self-defense |
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| Jackie Kennedy Gives First Televised Tour of the White House |
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| Former Governor Millard Fillmore Caldwell Appointed as a Justice, Florida Supreme Court |
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| 1963 | US Launches Communications Satellite Syncom 1, but Fails to Maintain Communications |
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| 1972 | Grease Opens on Broadway |
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| 1974 | Soviets Charge Expelled Author, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, with Treason |
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| 1975 | Statue of U.S. Senator Richard B. Russell Is Unveiled on the Grounds of the Georgia State Capitol |
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| 1976 | U.S. Conducts 200 - 500 kt Underground Nuclear Test in Nevada |
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| 1979 | Islamic Extremists Abduct the U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Who Is Then Killed in a Shootout |
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| 1980 | US Launches Solar Maximum Mission Satellite to Study Solar Flares |
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| 1984 | The Black South African Community of Mogopa Is Bulldozed & Residents Forcibly Displaced |
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| English Figure Skating Pair of Torvill and Dean, Wins Olympic Gold in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia |
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| 1989 | Nicaraguan Sandinistas Agree to Free Elections |
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| Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini Calls for Murder of Authors Salman Rushdie for Blaspheming Islam |
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| Union Carbide Agrees to Pay $470M to Government of India for 1984 Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster |
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| 1990 | NASA's Voyager 1 Takes First Photograph of Entire Solar System |
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| 1995 | South Africa's New Constitutional Court Officially Opens |
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| 2000 | NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Spacecraft Goes Into Orbit Around Asteroid Eros |
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| 2005 | Lebanon's Former Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri, Killed in Beirut Terrorist Attack |
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