The K-12 TLC Daily Almanac

for

		FEBRUARY 18

Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching

Why do you teach? Let Us Know.		Tell Us about your most memorable teacher.

Today's 5-Minute Quest

Answers to all questions can be found on this page or by using links provided on this page.
Good Luck!

BEGINNERS

1. Paul Williams was born on this date in 1894. Was Mr. Williams an artist, an architect or a designer? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. In what year was Harriett Gibbs Marshall born on this date? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

3. According to the Kennedy Center, Aretha Franklin is known around the world as the Queen of what? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the title of a work published by Harriett Gibbs Marshall (according to the African American Registry):
LET COAT SCORN

INTERMEDIATE

1. In what year was Toni Morrison the Nobel laureate for literature? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. According to Afro-American Almanac, Bill Pickett is credited as the originator of which rodeo sport? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

3. According to the White House, what position did Condoleezza Rice hold for six years while at Stanford University? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the title of a work by Toni Morrison (according to Luminarium):
O NO MOSS ON GOLF

EXPERT
(hint: all three questions will require you to use a link found on this page)

1. According to the Chemical Heritage Foundation, what was the name of the company founded by Henry Aaron Hill in 1952?

2. According to Black Collegian, what was Toni Morrison's given name at birth?

3. According to the African American Registry, from where had Audre Lorde's parents emigrated in order to settle in Harlem?

Use all of these letters to spell the name of a Top 5 hit by Aretha Franklin (according to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame):
HAIN COOLS OFF


Toni Morrison Born on This Date 1931	Henry Aaron Hill	Aretha Franklin	Condoleezza Rice	Bill Pickett


Gambia: Independence Day (Celebration of independence from United Kingdom as constitutional monarchy: 02/18/1965)



1919	Virginia Kahl (Wisconsin-born Children's Author)
1936	Jean Marie Auel (Illinois-born Novelist, Children's Author)
1949	Barbara Joosse (Wisconsin-born Children's Author)
1950	Bebe Moore Campbell (Pennsylvania-born African-American Journalist, Educator, Children's Author)

1859	Sholem Aleichem (Ukrainian Humorist, Writer)
1864	Gustave Schirmer, Jr. (New York City-born Music Publisher)
1886	Nikos Kazantzakis (Greek Poet, Novelist; Author of Zorba the Greek and The Last Temptation of Christ)
1899	Arthur Bryant (English Historian, Biographer)
1909	Wallace Stegner (Iowa-born Author)
1922	Helen Gurley Brown (Arkansas-born Editor, Writer)
1929	Len Deighton (English Spy Novelist)
1931	Toni Morrison (Ohio-born African-American Author; 1993 Nobel Laureate for Literature)
1934	Audre Lorde (New York City-born African-American Poet)

1848	Louis Comfort Tiffany (New York City-born Painter, Designer, Glass Craftsman)
1857	Max Klinger (German Painter, Sculptor, Engraver)
1894	Paul Williams (Los Angeles-born African-American Architect)
1931	Johnny Hart (New York-born Cartoonist)

1677	Jacques Cassini (French Astronomer)
1745	Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (Italian Physicist; Pioneer in the Science of Electricity)
1838	Ernst Mach (Austrian Physicist, Philosopher of Science)

1795	George Peabody (Massachusetts-born Merchant, Financier, Philanthropist)
1862	Charles Schwab (Pennsylvania-born Business Leader, Industrialist; First President of U.S. Steel)
1898	Enzo Anselmo Ferrari (Italian Automobile Developer)

1817	Lewis Armistead (North Carolina-born Confederate General)
1833	James Deshler (Alabama-born Confederate General)

1833	Ramakrishna (Indian Mystic, Hindu Religious Leader)

1516	Mary I, Queen of England (Daughter of Henry VIII, Known as ''Bloody Mary'')
1874	Louis T. Wigfall (South Carolina-born Secessionist; U.S. Senator from Texas)
1892	Wendell Willkie (Indiana-born Attorney; Candidate for President of the United States)

1914	Pee Wee King (Wisconsin-born Member of the Country Music Hall of Fame)
1920	Bill Cullen (Pennsylvania-born Television Host)
1920	Jack Palance (Pennsylvania-born Academy Award-Winning Actor)
1925	George Kennedy (New York City-born Academy Award-Winning Actor)
1932	Miloš Forman (Czech-American Film Director, Screenwriter, Actor)
1933	Yoko Ono (Japanese Wife of John Lennon)
1950	Cybill Shepherd (Tennessee-born Actress)
1952	Juice Newton (Virginia-born Popular Singer)
1954	John Travolta (New Jersey-born Actor)
1957	Vanna White (South Carolina-born Television Hostess)
1960	Greta Scacchi (Italian-American Actress)
1964	Matt Dillon (New York-born Actor)
1968	Molly Ringwald (California-born Actress)

1895	George Gipp (Michigan-born Member of the College Football Hall of Fame)
1938	Manny Mota (Dominican Republic Major League Baseball Player)

1546	Martin Luther (German Theologian; Religious Reformer)
1564	Michelangelo Buonarotti (Italian Artist)
1879	Robert Hall Chilton (Virginia-born Confederate General)
1920	Sammy Marks (South African Business and Political Leader)
1931	William R. Merriam (New York-born 11th Governor of Minnesota)
1937	Lamartine Hardman (Governor of Georgia)
1967	J. Robert Oppenheimer (New York City-born Nuclear Physicist)
1994	Richard McMullen (Governor of Delaware: 1937-41))
1998	Harry Caray (Missouri-born Sportscaster; Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame)
2001	Dale Earnhardt (North Carolina-born Auto Race Driver)


1461	In England, Lancastrian Forces Defeat the Yorkists at the Battle of St. Albans

1735	First Opera Performance in America Is Flora in Charleston, South Carolina

1804	Ohio University Is Chartered As the First University in the Northwest Territory
1805	Clark: a cloudy morning Some Snow, Several Indians here to day Mr. McKinsey [of the Northwest Trading Company] leave me, the after part of the day fine I am much engaged makeing a discriptive List of the Rivers from Information our Store of Meat is out to day Ordway: clear and pleasant. Several of the hunters went out eairly a hunting. the remainder moved the camp about 5 mls. down the River to a bottom where Capt Clarks party had Some time before been a hunting, and had made a pen and put up 2 Elk and 11 deer which we found Safe as they left it. Several men out packing in the meat which was killed yesterday we fixed our camp at an old Indian cabbin near the meat pen. the hunters came in had killed one Elk & Seven deer we got the meat all packed in, Lewis concluded that we would Start for the Fort the next morning. we fleased the meat from the bones and eat the marrow out of them.
1806	Clark: This morning we dispatched a party to the Salt works with Sergt. Ordway. and a Second party with Sergt. Gass after the Eight Elk killed over the Netul. in the evening Sergt. Ordway returned and reported that the waves ran So high in the Bay that he could not pass to the enterance of a Creek which we had directed him to assend with the Canoe. Collins & Windsir returned this evening with one Deer which they had Killed. the deer are pore and their flesh by no means a[s] good as that of the Elk which is also poore but appears to be getting better than Some weeks past. in the forenoon we were visited by a Clatsop & Seven Chinnooks from whome I purchased a Sea otter's Skin and two hats made of way tape and Silk grass and white cedar bark. they remained untill late in the evening and departed for their village. those people are not readily obstructed by waves in their Canoes. Since their departure we have discovered that they have Stole an ax.— Whitehouse brought me a roab which he purchased of the Indians formed of three Skins of the Tiger Cat, this Cat differs from any which I have ever Seen. it is found on the borders of the plains and the woody Country lying along the Pacific Ocian. this animale is about the Size or reather larger than the wild Cat of our Countrey and is much the Same in form, agility and ferosity. the colour of the back, neck and Sides, is a redish brown irrigular varigated with Small Spots of dark brown the tail is about two inches long nearly white except the extremity which is black; it termonates abruptly as if it has been cut off. the belly is white with Small black spots. butifully varigated. the legs are of the Same Colour with the Sides and back marked with transvers stripes of black the ears are black on the outer Side Covered with fine black hair, Short except at the upper point which is furnished with a pencil of verry fine Streight black hair, ¾ of an inch in length, the fur of this animale is long and fine. much more So than the wild Cat of the U States but less so than the Louserva of the N West. the nativs of this Country make great use of the skins of this Cat, to form the robes which they wear; three whole Skins is the complement usually employed, and Sometimes four in each roab. Those Cats are not marked alike maney of them have but fiew Spots of a darker Colour, particularly on the Back. Whitehouse: This morning clear & pleasant weather, Six of our Men went from the fort with 2 Canoes to go round on the Sea coast to the Salt works. Ten Men of our party was sent at some time, in order to bring in the Elk meat, which was left by our hunters Yesterday. The party that were going to the Salt Camp on arriving at the bay, found the wind blowing so hard, that they had to return to the fort.— We had several squalls of wind attended with rain in the course of this day.— About noon several Indians belonging to the Clatsop Nation came in Canoes to the Fort. They brought with them some Roots to trade with us,—, which we purchased of them. Towards evening these Indians left the Fort & embarked in their Canoes in order to return to their Village.— Two of our hunters also returned to the Fort, but had killed no Game of any kind. The Men remaining at the fort were employed as usual in dressing Skins &ca.—
1833	With the Signing of the Treaty of Maumee, the U.S. Government Pays the Ottawa Indians $29,440 to Give Up Their Claims to Lands in Ohio
1837	The Delaware General Assembly Commissions the First State-Wide Geologic Survey
1842	Santa Rosa County, Florida Is Established as the State's 21st County
1850	California's Original 27 Counties Are Created
1854	Governor Herschel Johnson Signs Legislation Establishing Charlton County as Georgia's 111th County
1856	The "Known-Nothing Party" Convenes in Philadelphia to Nominate Its First Presidential Candidate
1861	"Emerson the Lecturer" by James Russell Lowell Is Published in the Atlantic Monthly
	President-elect Lincoln's Train Makes Stops in Batavia, Rochester, Clyde, Syracuse, Utica, Little Falls, Fonda, Amsterdam, and Schenectady Before Arriving in Albany, New York
	Jefferson Davis Is Inaugurated as Interim Confederate President
1862	The Federal Gunboat, Ethan Allen, Enters the Clearwater, Florida Harbor and Captures a Schooner Along with Two Sloops
1862	Georgia's Delegation to the First Confederate Congress Is Sworn into Office
1864	President Lincoln Lifts the Blockade of the Port at Brownsville, Texas
1864	Baltimore Constitutional Convention Adopts Resolutions Endorsing President Lincoln for Reelection
1865	The Mayor of Charleston, South Carolina, Surrenders Control of the City to Union Brigadier General Alexander Schimmelfennig
1868	The University of Minnesota Is Reorganized by the Legislature
1870	Swift County, Minnesota Is Created and Named in Honor of the State's Third Governor, Henry A. Swift
1873	U.S. House Censures Massachusetts Representative Oakes Ames for Bribery in a Railroad Construction Scheme
1879	French Architect, Auguste Bartholdi, Is Granted Design Patent for Statue of Liberty
1879	Orange Park, Florida Is Incorporated
1884	Peter French Is Appointed U.S. Collector of Customs for Alaska with Headquarters at Sitka
1885	Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Is Published
1894	Mark Twain's Publishing Company, Charles L. Webster & Company, Declares Bankruptcy

1900	Ajax Soccer Team Forms in Amsterdam
1910	Frenchman, Louis Paulhan, Makes the First Recorded Airplane Flight in Texas
1911	In Tajikistan, a 7.4 Magnitude Earthquake Causes a Landslide That Dams the Bartang River, Creating Sarez Lake, Flooding Villages and Killing 90 People
1913	Raymond Poincare Takes Office as President of France
1913	The Arkansas State Flag Is Adopted
1926	Ayn Rand Arrives in New York City From France
1929	The First Academy Awards Are Presented
1930	Photographic Evidence of Pluto Is Discovered by New Mexico State University Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh
1939	The World's Fair Opens In San Francisco
1943	Leaders of the German Youth Group White Rose Are Arrested for Opposing the Nazi Regime
	The First Flight-Nurse Class of the United States Army Air Forces Graduates at Bowman Field, Kentucky
	In Washington, Boeing's Top-Secret XB-29 Prototype Superfortress Crashes into a Packing Plant, Killing 19 People and Much of the Livestock
1948	Eamon de Valera Steps Down as Ireland's Prime Minister After His Party Fails to Win a Majority in the Irish Assembly
1948	Thomas Heggen and Joshua Logan's Mister Roberts Makes Its Broadway Debut at the Alvin Theatre

1951	Nepal's Absolute Monarchy Is Replaced by a Constitutional Monarchy
1953	The Red Pine (Pinus Resinosa) Is Established as the Minnesota State Tree
1954	The U.S. Secretary of the Army Orders Two Generals to Ignore Subpoenas Issued by Senator Joseph McCarthy
1960	The 8th Winter Olympic Games Open in Squaw Valley, California
1964	U.S. Cuts Off Military Aid to Great Britain & France for Trade with Cuba
1965	In Canada, 26 British Columbia Copper Miners Are Killed in an Avalanche
1965	Gambia Becomes Africa's 36th Independent State
1969	In West Virginia, United Mine Workers Coal Miners Strike to Protest the Absence of Black Lung Benefits
1970	Five of the Chicago Seven Defendants Are Found Guilty of Intent to Incite a Riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention
1972	The California Supreme Court Strike's Down the State's Death Penalty
1973	Richard Petty Wins the Daytona 500 in Front of 103,000 Spectators
1974	Italian Atmospheric Satellite San Marco Scout D Is Launched
1977	Space Shuttle Enterprise Makes Its First "Captive" Test Flight Atop a Boeing 747
1978	Police in Northern Ireland Arrest 20+ Suspects for an IRA Bombing That Killed 12 People and Injured 30 in a Restaurant
1979	Richard Petty Wins the Daytona 500
1979	Wilmington, Delaware Receives 16.5" of Snow in 24 Hours
1980	Pierre Trudeau's Liberals Capture a Majority of Seats in the Canadian Parliament, Unseating Joe Clark's Progressive Conservatives
1988	Anthony Kennedy Is Sworn in as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
1996	An Irish Republican Army Bomb Destroys a London Bus, Killing the Bomber and Others

2001	Veteran FBI Agent Robert Philip Hanssen Is Arrested and Accused of Spying for Russia for More Than 15 Years
2001	Dale Earnhardt Sr. Is Killed in a Crash on the Last Lap of the 43rd Daytona 500
2005	A Ban on Hunting Foxes with Dogs Goes into Effect in England and Wales
2005	South African Xhosa Film uCarmen eKhayelitsha Is Selected as the Best Film at the 55th Berlin Film Festival in Germany
2006	Speed Skater Shani Davis Is First African-American to Win as Individual Gold Medal at a Winter Olympics

FEBRUARY 18