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APRIL 2 |
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Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching |
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Why do you teach? Let Us Know. | ![]() |
Tell Us about your most memorable teacher. |
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Today's 5-Minute Quest
Good Luck! |
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International Children's Book Day
(Commemoration of the birthday of Hans Christian Andersen) |
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United Nations: World Autism Awareness Day
(Observed annually on this date since 2008 as per United Nations Resolution 62/139 adopted 12/18/2007) |
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Florida: Pascua Florida Day/State Day
(Commemoration of the landing of Ponce de León: 04/02/1513 ) |
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1805 | Hans Christian Andersen (Danish Children's Author) |
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1924 | Ruth Heller (Canadian Children's Author) |
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1925 | George MacDonald Fraser (English Novelist, Children's Author) |
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1943 | Judith Janda Presnall (Wisconsin-born Children's Author) |
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1949 | David Ross (New York-born Children's Author, Illustrator) |
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1954 | Amy Schwartz (California-born Children's Author, Illustrator) |
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1725 | Giacomo Casanova (Italian Writer, Soldier, Adventurer) |
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1731 | Catherine Macaulay (English Historian, Radical Political Writer) |
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1840 | Émile Zola (French Novelist) |
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1884 | J. C. Squires (English Publisher) |
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1929 | Edward Dorn (Illinois-born Poet) |
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1933 | György Konrád (Hungarian Author) |
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1843 | Frederic Auguste Bartholdi (French Sculptor of the Statue of Liberty) |
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1891 | Max Ernst (German Painter, Sculptor Influential in the Surrealist Movement) |
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1912 | Heorge Pemba (South African Artist) |
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1918 | Charles White (Chicago-born African-American Graphic Artist, Painter, Instructor) |
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1905 | Kurt Adler (Austrian-American Conductor, Administrator of the San Francisco Opera) |
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1814 | Erastus B. Bigelow (Massachusetts-born Inventor, Industrialist; Founder of the Modern Carpet Industry) |
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1875 | Walter Chrysler (Kansas-born Inventor, Business Leader, Founder of the Chrysler Corporation) |
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1814 | Henry Lewis Benning (Georgia-born Confederate General; Namesake of Fort Benning, Georgia) |
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1879 | John Elward Brown (Iowa-born Founder of John Brown University in Siloam Springs, Arkansas) |
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742 | Charlemagne (King of the Franks, King of the Lombards and Charles I of the Holy Roman Empire) |
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1862 | Nicholas Butler (New Jersey-born Educator, President of Columbia University, 1931 Nobel Laureate for Peace) |
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1908 | Buddy Ebsen (Illinois-born Actor) |
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1911 | Charles "Honi" Coles (Pennsylvania-born African-American Tap Dancer) |
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1914 | Alec Guinness (English Actor Who Received 1958 Academy Award for Best Actor, "Bridge on the River Kwai") |
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1920 | Jack Webb (California-born Actor: Dragnet) |
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1939 | Marvin Gaye (Washington, D.C.-born African-American Popular Singer) |
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1945 | Linda Hunt (New Jersey-born Actress) |
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1947 | Emmylou Harris (Alabama-born Country Singer) |
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1926 | Jack Brabham (Australian Grand Prix Race Driver) |
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1945 | Don Sutton (Alabama-born Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame) |
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1960 | Linford Christie (Jamaican Olympic Gold Medal Sprinter) |
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1502 | Arthur, Prince of Wales |
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1872 | Samuel F.B. Morse (Massachusetts-born Inventor of the Electric Telegraph) |
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1902 | Esther Morris (First Women Judge in U.S. history ) |
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1972 | Gil Hodges (Indiana-born Major League Baseball Player, Manager) |
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1974 | Georges Pompidou (President of France) |
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1987 | Buddy Rich (New York City-born Drummer, Orchestra Leader) |
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1995 | Harvey Penick (Texas-born Golf Instructor, Writer; Member of the World Golf Hall of Fame) |
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2005 | Pope John Paul II (Polish-born Roman Catholic Pope) |
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1513 | Juan Ponce de León Lands in Florida |
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1670 | King Charles II of England Issues a Charter to Hudson's Bay Company |
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1722 | 16-year-old Benjamin Franklin Publishes His First Satirical Letter as "Silence Dogood" |
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1777 | Ebenezer Learned Is Promoted to the Rank of Brigadier General of the Continental Army |
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1792 | U. S. Congress Passes the Coinage Act, Founding the Philadelphia Mint & Decimal Currency |
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1801 | English Admiral Horatio Nelson Sinks the Danish Fleet Off Its Home Port of Copenhagen |
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1806 |
![]() Lewis: This morning we came to a resolution to remain at our present encampment or some where in this neighbourhood untill we had obtained as much dryed meat as would be necessary for our voyage as far as the Chopunnish. to exchange our perogues for canoes with the natives on our way to the great falls of the columbia or purchase such canoes from them for Elkskins and Merchandize as would answer our purposes. these canoes we intend exchanging with the natives of the plains for horses as we proceed untill we obtained as many as will enable us to travel altogether by land. at some convenient point, perhaps at the entrence of the S. E. branch of the Columbia,we purpose sending a party of four or five men a head to collect our horses that they may be in readiness for us by our arrival at the Chopunnish; calculating by thus acquiring a large stock of horses we shall not only sucure the means of transporting our baggage over the mountains but that we will also have provided the means of subsisting; for we now view the horses as our only certain resource for food, nor do we look forward to it with any detestation or horrow, so soon is the mind which is occupyed with any interesting object reconciled to it's situation. The men who were sent in quest of the Elk and deer that were killed yesterday returned at 8 A. M. this morning. we now enformed the party of our intention of laying in a store of meat at this place, and immediately dispatched two parteis consisting of nine men to the opposite side of the river. five of those we sent below the Quicksand river and 4 above. we also sent out three others on this side, and those who remained in camp were employed in collecting wood making a scaffoald and cuting up the meat in order to dry it. about this time several canoes of the natives arrived at our camp and among others one from below which had on board eight men of the Shah-ha-la nation these men informed us that 2 young men whom they pointed out were Cash-hooks and resided at the falls of a large river which discharges itself into the Columbia on it's South side some miles below us. we readily prevailed on them to give us a sketch of this river which they drew on a mat with a coal. it appeared that this river which they called Mult-no-mâh discharged itself behind the Island which we called the image canoe Island and as we had left this island to the S. both in ascending and decending the river we had never seen it. they informed us that it was a large river and run a considerable distance to the South between the mountains. Capt. Clark determined to return and examine this river accordingly he took a party of seven men and one of the perogues and set out ½ after 11 A. M., he hired one of the Cashhooks, for a birning glass, to pilot him to the entrance of the Multnomah river and took him on board with him. in their manners dress language and stature these people are the same with the quathlahpohtle nation and others residing in the neighbourhood of wappetoe Island. near the entrance of multnomah river a considerable nation resides on the lower side of that stream by the same name. as many as ten canoes with natives arrived at our camp in the course of the day; most of them were families of men women and children decencing the river. they all gave the same account of the scarcity of provision above. I shot my air gun, with which they were much astonished. one family consisting of ten or twelve persons remained near us all night. they conducted themselves in a very orderly manner. the three hunters on this side of the river returned in the evening they had killed two deer, tho' they were so poor and at such a distance from the camp that they brought in their skins only. the night and morning being cloudy I was again disappointed in making the observations I wished. the hunters inform me that there are extensive praries on the highlands a few miles back from the river on this side. the land is very fertile.—
Clark:
the natives informed us that there is a large river that runs a Considerable distance to the South between the Mountains. I deturmined to take a Small party and return to this river and examine its Size and Collect as much information of the nativs on it or near its enterance into the Columbia of its extent, the Country which it waters and the nativs who inhabit its banks &c.
I took with me Six Men. Thompson J. Potts, Peter Crusat, P. Wiser, T. P. Howard, Jos. Whitehouse & my man York in a large Canoe, with an Indian whome I hired for a Sun glass to accompany me as a pilot.
at half past 11 A. M. I Set out, and had not proceeded far eer I saw 4 large Canoes at Some distance above decending and bending their Course towards our Camp which at this time is very weak Capt. Lewis haveing only 10 men with him. I hisitated for a moment whether it would not be advisable for me to return and delay untill a part of our hunters Should return to add more Strength to our Camp. but on a Second reflection and reverting to the precautions always taken by my friend Capt Lewis on those occasions banished all apprehensions and I proceeded on down.
at 8 miles passed a village on the South side at this place my Pilot informed me he resided and that the name of his tribe is Ne-cha-co-lee, this village is back or to the South of Dimond island, and as we passed on the North Side of the island both decending & assending did not See or know of this Village. I proceeded on without landing at this village.
at 3 P. M. I landed at a large double house of the Ne-er-cho-ki-oo tribe of the Shah-ha-la Nation. at this place we had Seen 24 aditional Straw Huts as we passed down last fall and whome as I have before mentioned reside at the Great rapids of the Columbia. on the bank at different places I observed Small Canoes which the women make use of to gather Wappato & roots in the Slashes. those Canoes are from 10 to 14 feet long and from 18 to 23 inches wide in the widest part tapering from the center to both ends in this form and about 9 inches deep and So light that a woman may with one hand haul them with ease, and they are Sufficient to Carry a woman on Some loading.
I think 100 of those canoes were piled up and Scattered in different directions about in the Woods in the vecinity of this house, the pilot informed me that those Canoes were the property of the inhabitents of the Grand rapids who used them ocasionally to gather roots. I entered one of the rooms of this house and offered Several articles to the nativs in exchange for Wappato. they were Sulkey and they positively refused to Sell any.
I had a Small pece of port fire match in my pocket, off of which I cut a pece one inch in length & put it into the fire and took out my pocket Compas and Set myself doun on a mat on one Side of the fire, and a magnet which was in the top of my ink Stand the port fire cought and burned vehemently, which changed the Colour of the fire; with the Magnit I turned the Needle of the Compas about very briskly; which astonished and alarmed these nativs and they laid Several parsels of Wappato at my feet, & begged of me to take out the bad fire; to this I consented;
at this moment the match being exhausted was of course extinguished and I put up the magnet &c. this measure alarmed them So much that the womin and children took Shelter in their beads and behind the men, all this time a very old blind man was Speaking with great vehemunce, appearently imploreing his gode.
I lit my pipe and gave them Smoke & gave the womin the full amount of the roots which they had put at my feet. they appeared Somewhat passified and I left them and proceeded on on the South Side of Image Canoe Island which I found to be two Islands hid from the opposit Side by one near the Center of the river. the lower point of the upper and the upper point of the lower cannot be Seen from the North Side of the Columbia on which we had passed both decending and ascending and had not observed the apperture between those islands.
at the distance of 13 Miles below the last village and at the place I had Supposed was the lower point of the image Canoe island, I entered this river which the nativs had informed us of, Called Mult no mah River so called by the nativs from a Nation who reside on Wappato Island a little below the enterance of this river. Multnomah discharges itself in the Columbia on the S. E. and may be justly Said to be ¼ the Size of that noble river. Multnomah had fallen 18 inches from it's greatest annual height. three Small Islands are situated in it's mouth which hides the river from view from the Columbia.
from the enterance of this river, I can plainly See Mt. Jefferson which is high and Covered with snow S. E. Mt. Hood East, Mt St. Helians a high humped Mountain to the East of Mt St. Helians. I also Saw the Mt. Raneer Nearly North.
Soon after I arived at this river an old man passed down of the Clark a'mos Nation who are noumerous and reside on a branch of this river which receives it's waters from Mt. Jefferson which is emensely high and discharges itself into this river one day and a half up, this distance I State at 40 Miles. This nation inhabits 11 Villages their Dress and language is very Similar to the Quath-lah-poh-tle and other tribes on Wappato Island.
The Current of the Multnomar is as jentle as that of the Columbia glides Smoothly with an eavin surface, and appears to be Sufficiently deep for the largest Ship. I attempted fathom it with a Cord of 5 fathom which was the only Cord I had, could not find bottom ? of the distance across.
I proceeded up this river 10 miles from it's enterance into the Columbia to a large house on the N E. Side and Encamped near the house, the flees being So noumerous in the house that we could not Sleep in it.
this is the house of the Cush-hooks Nation who reside at the falls of this river which the pilot informs me they make use of when they Come down to the Vally to gather Wappato. he also informs me that a number of other Smaller houses are Situated on two Bayous which make out on the S. E. Side a little below the house.
this house appears to have been laterly abandoned by its inhabitants in which they had left Sundery articles Such as Small Canoes mats, bladdles of Oil and baskits bowls & trenchers. and as my pilot informed me was gorn up this to the falls to fish which is 2 days or 60 miles up. this house is 30 feet wide & presisely 40 feet long. built in the usial form of broad boads Covered with bark. The course and distance assending the the Molt no mar R from it's enterance into the Columbia at the lower point of the 3rd Image Canoe island.
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1838 | The Workingmen's Institute for Mutual Instruction Is Founded in New Harmony, Indiana |
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1839 | Buffalo, West Virginia Is Incorporated |
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1844 | London's Fleet Prison Is Abolished |
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1845 | French Physicists Jean Foucault and Armand Fizeau Make the First Photographic Study of the Sun |
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1849 | Alexander Ramsey Is Appointed the First Governor of the Minnesota Territory by President Zachary Taylor |
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1855 | John Mercer Langston of Lorain County, Ohio Is the First African-American Elected to Public Office |
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1860 | The First Italian Parliament Convenes in Turin |
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1861 | George Eliot's "Silas Marner" Is Published |
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1863 | Women Riot in Richmond, Virginia Protesting Bread Shortages |
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1865 | Grant Breaks 10-Month Siege Capturing Confederate Trenches Around Petersburg, Virginia: Lee Retreats |
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President Jefferson Davis and Most of His Cabinet Flee the Confederate Capital of Richmond, Virginia |
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1866 | President Andrew Johnson Declares the Civil War to be Officially Over in All States Except Texas |
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Kern County, California Is Formed Out of Los Angeles and Tulare Counties |
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1877 | The American Premiere of Richard Wagner's Opera "Die Walküre" (The Valkyries) Is Performed at the Academy of Music in New York City |
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1879 | In South Africa, British Forces Defeat a Zulu Army of Ten Thousand at the Battle of Gingindlovu |
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1881 | J.L. Hudson's First Store Opens in the Detroit Opera House |
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1889 | Charles Martin Hall Receives Patents for an Expensive Process for Extracting Aluminum |
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1900 | William Jennings Bryan Campaigns in Seattle. Washington Against Imperialism, Trusts, and the Gold Standard |
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1902 | First American Movie Theater Opens in Los Angeles |
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1904 | In Namibia, Herdsmen Attack German Colonial Forces, Killing 32 |
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1912 | The Titanic Leaves Belfast, Ireland for Southampton, England and Its Sea Trials in the Irish Sea |
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1917 | President Woodrow Wilson Asks Congress to Declare War on Germany |
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Montana's Jeannette Rankin Takes Her Seat as the First Woman Ever Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives |
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1918 | 502 Germans Arrive in Atlanta for Internment in Prisoner of War Camps |
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1926 | The Utopian Welsh Village of Portmerion Officially Opens |
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1932 | Charles Lindbergh Pays $50,000 Ransom in a Man Who Promises to Return His Kidnapped Son |
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1935 | Pacific-Alaska Airways Initiates Service Between Juneau and Fairbanks |
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1936 | A Tornado Kills 23 People in Cordele, Georgia and Destroys 289 Buildings |
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1941 | Rommel's Nazi Panzer Tanks Advance into Libya |
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The Life of Riley Debuts on Radio |
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1942 | Glenn Miller and His Orchestra Record "American Patrol" |
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1944 | The First American Performance of Dmitri Shostakovich's 8th Symphony Is Given by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra |
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1956 | Alfred P. Sloan Steps Down after 19 Years as Chairman of General Motors |
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1957 | Elvis Sells Out Two Performances at Toronto's Maple Leaf Garden |
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1958 | In a Message to Congress, President Eisenhower Proposes Establishment of a National Aeronautics and Space Agency |
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San Francisco Chronicle Columnist, Herb Caen, Coins the Term "Beatnik" |
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1961 | William Faulkner Arrives in Venezuela on a Two-Week Trip for the U.S. State Department |
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1963 | USSR Launches Luna 4, but Misses Lunar Orbit by 8,500 km |
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NASA Launches Explorer 17 Satellite for Atmospheric Study |
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1964 | USSR Launches Zond 1 to Venus, but No Data Is Returned |
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1972 | Charlie Chaplin Returns to U.S. for First Time in 20 Years |
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Tennessee Williams' Small Craft Warnings Opens in New York City |
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1977 | Red Rum Wins England's Grand National for the Third Time |
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1979 | Israeli Prime Minster Menachem Begin Visits Cairo |
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Anthrax Poisoning Kills 62 in Russia |
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1982 | Argentina Captures Falkland/Malvinas Islands from the British |
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The Last Edition of the Minneapolis Star Is Printed, Ending 62 Years of Publication |
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1984 | Georgetown's John Thompson Is the First African-American Coach to Win a Men's NCAA Basketball Championship |
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U.S. and Canada Sign the Skagit River Treaty |
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1985 | The Right Whale Is Designated as Georgia's Official Marine Mammal |
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1986 | An Arab Terrorist Explodes Bomb Aboard a TWA Boeing 727 over Greece: 4 People Die |
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The NCAA Adopts the Three-Point Shot for Men's Basketball |
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1987 | U.S. Congress Allows Individual States to Increase the Speed Limit on Rural Roads from 55mph to 65mph |
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1989 | Mikhail Gorbachev Arrives in Havana to Meet with Fidel Castro |
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1992 | Space Shuttle Atlantis Completes Mission STS-45 Landing at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida |
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1995 | Baseball Owners Accepted Players' Union Offer to Play Without a Contract, Ending the Longest Strike in Professional Sports History |
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1998 | Former French Cabinet Minister Maurice Papon Is Found Guilty of War Crimes for Deporting Jews During World War II |
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2002 | Japanese Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi Suffers a Debilitating Stroke |
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2007 | 8.1 Magnitude Earthquake Creates a Tsunami Responsible for 30+ Deaths in the Solomon Islands |
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