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APRIL 7 |
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Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching |
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Why do you teach? Let Us Know. | ![]() |
Tell Us about your most memorable teacher. |
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Today's 5-Minute Quest
Good Luck! |
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United Nations: World Health Day
(In commemoration of the opening of the World Health Organization: 04/07/1948) |
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Mozambique: Women's Day
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1929 | Donald Carrick (British Children's Author, Illustrator) |
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1941 | Alice Schertle (Los Angeles-born Children's Author) |
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1948 | Cheryl Willis Hudson (African-American Children's Author, Illustrator Born in Virginia) |
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1817 | William Wordsworth (British Poet) |
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1847 | Jens Peter Jacobsen (Danish Novelist) |
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1889 | Gabriela Mistral (Chilean Poet, 1945 Nobel Laureate for Poetry) |
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1891 | David Low (New Zealand-born English Journalist, Political Cartoonist and Caricaturist) |
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1897 | Walter Winchell (New York City-born Entertainment Columnist, Commentator) |
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1921 | Makoto Kobayashi (Japanes Physicist; 2008 Nobel Laureate for Physics) |
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1860 | W. K. Kellogg (Michigan-born Founder of Kellogg Cereals, Inventor of the Corn Flake) |
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1506 | St. Francis Xavier (Spanish-born Catholic Saint) |
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1772 | Francois M. C. Fourier (French Socialist) |
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1780 | William Ellery Channing (Rhode Island-born Theologian) |
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1848 | Randall Davidson (British Religious Leader) |
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1890 | Marjory Stoneman Douglas (Minnesota-born Conservationist of the Florida Everglades) |
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1893 | Allen Dulles (New York-born Diplomat, Director of the C.I.A.) |
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1949 | Mitch Daniels (Pennsylvania-born Governor of Indiana) |
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1915 | Billie Holiday (Pennsylvania-born African-American Member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame) |
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1920 | Ravi Shankar (Indian Musician (Sitar), Father of Nora Jones, Mentor to the Beatles) |
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1927 | Babatunde Olatunji (Nigerian Grammy-Winning Jazz Percussionist) |
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1928 | James Garner (Oklahoma-born Actor) |
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1938 | Freddie Hubbard (Indiana-born Grammy-Winning African-American Jazz Musician) |
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1939 | Francis Ford Coppola (Detroit-born Filmmaker) |
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David Frost (British Television Journalist, Interviewer |
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1954 | Jackie Chan (Chinese Action-Movie Actor) |
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1964 | Russell Crowe (New Zealand-born Actor) |
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1859 | Walter Camp (Connecticut-born Member of the Football Hall of Fame: Father of Modern Football) |
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1873 | John McGraw (New York-born Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame: Major League Manager) |
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1893 | Benny Leonard (New York City-born American Lightweight Boxing Champion: 1917-1925) |
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1954 | Tony Dorsett (African-American Member of the Pro and College Football Halls of Fame, Born in Pennsylvania) |
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1498 | Charles VIII of France |
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1739 | Dick Turpin (Notorious British Highwayman: Hanged) |
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1880
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Isaac Munroe St. John (Georgia-born Confederate General)
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1891
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P.T. Barnum (Connecticut-born Circus Owner, Promoter)
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1947
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Henry Ford (Michigan-born Founder of the Ford Motor Company)
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1968
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Jim Clark (World Auto Racing Champion: Killed at Hockenheim Race Course)
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2003
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Cecile de Brunhoff (French Children's Author: Inspiration for the Babar Stories)
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1630
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Governor John Winthrop and Approximately 300 English Puritans Set Sail for the Massachusetts Colony Aboard Arabella
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1739
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Notorious British Highwayman, Dick Turpin, Is Hanged
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1763
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The Initial Issue of Georgia's First Newspaper, Savannah's Georgia Gazette, Is Published
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1776
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American Warship Lexington Captures the British Warship HMS Edward Off the Coast of Virginia
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1798
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U.S. Congress Creates the Mississippi Territory from the Western Territories of Georgia
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1795
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France Adopts the Metric System As Its Standard of Measurement
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1805
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Lewis and Clark Depart Fort Mandan
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1805 |
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![]() Lewis: Having on this day at 4 P.M. completed every arrangement necessary for our departure, we dismissed the barge and crew with orders to return without loss of time to S. Louis, a small canoe with two French hunters accompanyed the barge; these men had assended the missouri with us the last year as engages. The barge crew consisted of six soldiers and four Frenchmen and a Ricarra Indian also take their passage in her as far as the Ricarra Vilages, at which place we expect Mr. Tiebeau [Tabeau] to embark with his peltry who in that case will make an addition of two, perhaps four men to the crew of the barge.
We gave Richard Warfington, a discharged Corpl., the charge of the Barge and crew, and confided to his care At same moment that the Barge departed from Fort Mandan, Capt. Clark embaked with our party and proceeded up the river. as I had used no exercise for several weeks, I determined to talk on shore as far as our encampment of this evening; accordingly I continued my walk on the N. side of the River about six miles, to the upper Village of the Mandans, and called on the Black Cat or Pose cop'se há, the great chief of the Mandans; he was not as home; I rested myself a minutes, and finding that the party had not arrived I returned about 2 miles and joined them at their encampment on the N. side of the river opposite the lower Mandan village.
Our party now consisted of the following Individuals. Sergts. John Ordway, Nathaniel Prior, & Patric Gass; Privates, William Bratton, John Colter, Reubin, and Joseph Fields, John Shields, George Gibson, George Shannon, Interpreters, George Drewyer and Tauasant Charbono also a Black man by the name of York, servant to Capt. Clark, an Indian Woman wife to Charbono with a young child, and a Mandan man who had promised us to accompany us as far as the Snake Indians with a view to bring about a good understanding and friendly intercourse between that nation and his own, the Minetares and Ahwahharways. Our vessels consisted of six small canoes, and two large perogues. This little fleet altho' not quite so rispectable as those of Columbus or Capt. Cook were still viewed by us with as much pleasure as those deservedly famed adventurers ever beheld theirs; and I dare say with quite as much anxiety for their safety and preservation. we were now about to penetrate a country at least two thousand miles in width, on which the foot of civillized man had never trodden; the good or evil it had in store for us was for experiment yet to determine, and these little vessells contained every article by which we were to expect to subsist or defend ourselves. however as this the state of mind in which we are, generally gives the colouring to events, when the immagination is suffered to wander into futurity, the picture which now presented itself to me was a most pleasing one. entertaing as I do, the most confident hope of succeading in a voyage which had formed a darling project of mine for the last ten years of my life, I could but esteem this moment of my departure as among the most happy of my life.
The party are in excellent health and sperits, zealously attatched to the enterprise, and anxious to proceed; not a whisper of murmur or discontent to be heard among them, but all act in unison, and with the most perfect harmony. I took an early supper this evening and went to bed. Capt. Clark myself the two Interpretters and the woman and child sleep in a tent of dressed skins. this tent is in the Indian stile, formed of a number of dressed Buffaloe skins sewed together with sniues. it is cut in such manner that when foalded double it forms the quarter of a circle, and is left open at one side where it may be attached or loosened at pleasure by strings which are sewed to its sides to the purpose.
Clark:
a windey day, The Interpreter we Sent to the Villages returned with Chief of the Ricara's & 3 men of that nation this Chief informed us that he was Sent by his nation to Know the despositions of the nations in this neighbourhood in respect to the recara's Settleing near them, that he had not yet made those arrangements, he request that we would Speek to the Assinniboins, & Crow Inds. in their favour, that they wished to follow our directions and be at peace with all, he viewed all nations in this quarter well disposed except the Sioux. The wish of those recaras appears to be a junction with the Mandans & Minetarras in a Defensive war with the Sioux who rob them of every Spece [species] of property in Such a manner that they Cannot live near them any longer.
I told this Chief we were glad to See him, and we viewed his nation as the Dutifull Children of a Great father who would extend his protection to all those who would open their ears to his good advice, we had already Spoken to the Assinniboins, and Should Speeke to the Crow Indians if we Should See them &c. as to the Sioux their Great father would not let them have any more good Guns &c. would take Care to prosu Such measurs as would provent those Sioux from Murding and taking the property from his dutyfull red Children &c.— we gave him a certificate of his good Conduct & a Small Medal, a Carrot of Tobacco and a String of Wompom— he requested that one of his men who was lame might decend in the boat to their nation and returned to the Mandans well Satisfied—
The name of this Chief of War is Kah-kah, we to—Raven brave.
This Cheif delivered us a letter from Mr. Taboe. informing us of the wish of the Grand Chiefs of the Ricarras to visit their Great father and requesting the privolage of put'g on board the boat 3000 w of Skins &c. & adding 4 hands and himself to the party. this preposeal we Shall agree to, as that addition will make the party in the boat 15 Strong and more able to defend themselves from the Seoux &c.
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1806 |
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![]() Lewis: This morning early the flesh of the remaining Elk was brought in and Drewyer with the Feildses departed agreeable to the order of the last evening. we employed the party in drying the meat today which we completed by the evening, and we had it secured in dryed Elkskins and put on board in readiness for an early departure. we were visited today by several parties of indians from a village about 8 miles above us of the Sahhalah nation. I detected one of them in steeling a peice of lead and sent him from camp. I hope we have now a sufficient stock of dryed meat to serve us as far the Chopunnish provided we can obtain a few dogs horses and roots by the way. in the neignbourhood of the Chopunnish we can procure a few deer and perhaps a bear or two for the mountains.
last evening Reubin Fields killed a bird of the quail kind it is reather larger than the quail, or partridge as they are called in Virginia. this is a most beautifull bird. I preserved the skin of this bird retaining the wings feet and head the day has been fair and weather extreemly pleasant. we made our men exercise themselves in shooting today and regulate their guns found several of them that had their sights moved by accedent, and others that wanted some little alterations all which were compleately rectifyed in the course of the day. in the evening all the indians departed for their village.
Clark:
about 4 oClock P M all the Indians left us, and returned to their Village. they had brought with them Wappato,
Drewyer returned down the river in the evening & informed us that the nativs had Sceared all the Elk from the river above. Joseph & reuben Fields had proceeded on further up the river in the canoe, he expected to the village.
I provaled on an old indian to mark the Multnomah R down on the Sand which hid and perfectly Corisponded with the Sketch given me by sundary others, with the addition of a circular mountain which passes this river at the falls and connects with the mountains of the Seacoast.
he also lais down the Clark a mos passing a high Conical Mountain near it's mouth on the lower Side and heads in Mount Jefferson which he lais down by raiseing the Sand as a very high mountain and Covered with eternal Snow. the high mountain which this Indian lais down near the enterance of Clark a mos river, we have not Seen as the hills in it's direction from this vally is high and obscures the Sight of it from us.
Mt Jefferson we Can plainly See from the enterance of Multnomah from which place it bears S. E. this is a noble Mountain and I think equally as high or Something higher than Mt. St. Heleans but its distance being much greater than that of the latter, So great a portion of it does not appear above the range of mountains which lie between both those Stupendious Mountains and the Mouth of Multnomah. like Mt. St. Heleans its figure is a regular Cone and is covered with eturnial Snow.
that the Clarkamos nation as also those at the falls of the Multnomah live principally on fish of which those Streams abound and also on roots which they precure on it's borders, they also Sometimes Come down to the Columbia in Serch of Wappato.
they build their houses in the Same form with those of the Columbian Vally of wide Split boads and Covered with bark of the White Cedar which is the entire length of the one Side of the roof and jut over at the eve about 18 inches. at the distance of about 18 inches transvers Spinters of dried pine is inserted through the Ceder bark inorder to keep it Smooth and prevent it's edge from Colapsing by the heat of the Sun; in this manner the nativs make a very Secure light and lasting roof of this bark. which we have observed in every Vilege in this Vally as well as those above. this Indian also informed me the multnomah above the falls was Crouded with rapids and thickly inhabited by indians of
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1817
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Francisco Xavier Mina Sets Sail from Galveston Island to Drive the Spanish Forces Out of Mexico
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1832
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Abraham Lincoln Is Elected Captain of a Company in Thirty-first Regiment of Illinois Militia
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1845
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In Minnesota, the St. Paul Post Office Is Established in Henry Jackson's Store
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Milwaukee, Wisconsin Suffers Its First Major Fire, Burning Buildings over 2 City Blocks
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1858
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The Virginia Legislature Approves the Incorporation of the Lewisburg Female Institute
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1859
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Governor's Greys Organize as Iowa's First Military Unit Pledged to the Union
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1862
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Grant's Union Forces Defeat Confederates at Tennessee's Battle of Shiloh
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President Lincoln Signs Treaty with Great Britain for Suppression of African Slave Trade
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1864
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U.S. Schooner Beauregard Captures the English Schooner Spunky Off Florida's Cape Canaveral
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1865
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President Lincoln Encourages General Grant to Keep the Pressure on Lee
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1866
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Act of Congress States That Only Portraits of Deceased Persons May Appear on U.S. Bank Notes
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The Bois Forte Ojibwe Sign a Treaty Ceding Their Lands in Minnesota's St. Louis and Koochiching Counties, Establishing the Nett Lake Reservation
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1867
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Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts Delivers a Speech in the Senate Strongly Supporting the Purchase of Alaska
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1886
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As Many as 30 Die in the Laredo, Texas Election Riot Gunfight
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1906
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Italy's Mt. Vesuvius Erupts
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1913
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Sam Rayburn (TX) Begins 48 Years of Service to the United States House of Representatives
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1918
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Winston Churchill Secretly Proposes Talks to Encourage Russia to Re-enter World War I
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Karl Muck, German Conductor of the Boston Symphony, Is Arrested and Interned as an Enemy Alien
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1922
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Secret Oil Leases Begin the Teapot Dome Scandal
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1927
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First Long Distance TV Broadcast (Herbert Hoover's Speech Washington to New York)
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1931
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Seals Stadium Opens and for 26 Years Will Serve as the Home Field for the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League
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1932
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Gene Sarazen's Double Eagle Propels Him to Eventual Victory in The Masters
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1934
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Congress Passes the Jones-Connally Farm-Relief Act
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1936
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South Africa's Parliament Unanimously Places Further Restrictions on Black Rights
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1939
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Italy Invades Albania
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1940
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Booker T. Washington Stamp Is First Featuring an African American
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1943
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The NFL Mandates Players Must Wear Helmets
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1945
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Americans Sink the Japanese Battleship Yamato Off the Coast of Okinawa
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Japan Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso Is Replaced by Kantaro Suzuki
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1948
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United Nation's World Health Organization Begins Operation
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U.S. Postal Service Issues 3-cent Stamp Commemorating the 1798 Creation of Mississippi Territory
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1949
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Rodgers and Hammerstein Musical South Pacific Opens on Broadway
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1953
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Sweden's Dag Hammarskjold Elected to Serve As U.N. Secretary-General
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1954
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President Eisenhower Gives His "Domino Theory" Speech
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1956
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Agreement Ends Spanish Presences and Establishes Moroccan Independence
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The Last Streetcar in Detroit Is Taken Out of Service
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1957
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New York City's Last Electric Trolley Completes Its Final Run
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1958
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7.3 Magnitude Earthquake Is Centered on Huslia, Alaska
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1959
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A Dust Storm Occurs Over Much of Minnesota
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1963
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New Constitution Proclaims Tito President for Life of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
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1968
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Approximately 25,000 People View the Coffin of Martin Luther King, Jr. at Spelman College
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World Auto Racing Champion, Jim Clark, Is Killed at the Hockenheim Race Course
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1969
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Supreme Court Strikes Down Laws Prohibiting Possession of Obscene Material
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1970
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7.5 Magnitude Earthquake Kills 15 on the Philippines Island of Luzon
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Detroit's School Board Approves a Plan to Desegregate 11 of the District's 22 High Schools
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In Wisconsin, the Milwaukee Brewers Play Their First Game Against the California Angels in Front of 37,237 Fans at County Stadium
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1973
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7 1/2-year "Freedom Flights" Program, Which Brought 250,000 Cuban Refugees to Miami, Florida, Ends
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1976
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China's Leadership Deposes Deputy Prime Minister Deng Xiaoping
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1978
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President Jimmy Carter Postpones Production of Controversial Neutron Bomb
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1986
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British Home-computing Pioneer Clive Sinclair Sells the Rights to His Inventions for £5M
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1988
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Car Bomb Seriously Injures Albie Sachs, a White South African Lawyer and ANC Member
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1990
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National Security Adviser John Poindexter Convicted of Iran-Contra Crimes
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1994
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Civil War Erupts in Rwanda
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1995
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The Peach Is Designated as the Official Fruit of the State of Georgia
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1999
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) Rules in Favor of U.S. in Banana Trade Dispute with Europe
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2001
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NASA Launches Odyssey Spacecraft on 6-month, 286M-mile Journey to Mars
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