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APRIL 13 |
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Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching |
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Why do you teach? Let Us Know. | ![]() | Tell Us about your most memorable teacher. |
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Today's 5-Minute Quest
Good Luck! |
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Cambodia: Bonn Chaul Chhnam
(New Year's Celebration from April 13-15) |
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Ecuador: Teachers' Day
(Commemorates the birth of Ecuadorian educator Juan Montalvo Fiallos: 04/13/1832) |
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Laos: Boun Pimai/Boun Hothnam
(Traditional Laotian New Year celebrated April 13-15) |
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Sri Lanka: Sinhala & Tamil New Year Day
(April 13-14) |
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Thailand: Songkran Festival (Water Festival)
(Celebrates the Buddhist new Year April 13-15) |
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United States: Thomas Jefferson Day
(Observed to commemorate the anniversary of the birth date of Thomas Jefferson: 04/13/1743) |
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1893 | Genevieve Foster (New York-born Historical Children's Author, Illustrator) |
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1902 | Marguerite Henry (Wisconsin-born Children's Author Awarded the 1949 Newbery Medal for King of the Wind) |
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1923 | Erik Haugaard (Danish Children's Author) |
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1938 | Lee Bennett Hopkins (Pennsylvania-born Poet, Children's Author) |
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1957 | Rita Williams-Garcia (New York-born African-American Children's Author) |
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1871 | Martin Gonzalez (Mexican Poet, Physician, Diplomat) |
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1885 | György Lukács (Hungarian Marxist Philosopher, Writer, Literary Critic) |
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1891 | Nella Larsen (Chicago-born African-American Author) |
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1906 | Samuel Beckett (Irish-born 1969 Nobel Laureate for Literature) |
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1909 | Eudora Welty (Mississippi-born Author Awarded the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for The Optimist's Daughter) |
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1922 | John Braine (English Novelist; One of the "Angry Young Men") |
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1939 | Seamus Heaney (Northern Ireland Poet) |
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1943 | Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (French Author; 2008 Nobel Laureate for Literature) |
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1769 | Thomas Lawrence (English Portrait Painter and Draftsman) |
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1924 | John Biggers (North Carolina-born African-American Artist) |
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1816 | William Benett (English Pianist, Conductor, Composer) |
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1938 | Frederic Rzewski (Massachusetts-born Pianist, Composer) |
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1829 | Robert Watson-Watt (Scottish Physicist; Knighted for His Role in the Development of Radar) |
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1854 | Richard Ely (New York-born Economist) |
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1888 | John Hays Hammond, Jr. (San Francisco-born Inventor; Developed Radio Remote Control) |
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1899 | Alfred M. Butts (New York-born Inventor of Scrabble) |
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1941 | Michael Stuart Brown (New York City-born 1985 Nobel Laureate for Medicine or Physiology) |
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1772 | Eli Terry (Connecticut-born Clockmaker and Innovator in Mass Production) |
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1852 | F.W. Woolworth (New York-born Founder of Woolworth Department Stores) |
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1822 | William Stephen Walker (Pennsylvania-born Confederate General) |
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1506 | Peter Faber (French Jesuit Theologian, co-Founder of the Society of Jesus) |
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1732 | Fredrick North (English Prime Minister, Author of the Tea Act That Led to the Boston Tea Party) |
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1743 | Thomas Jefferson (Virginia-born American President, Statesman) |
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1832 | Juan Montalvo Fiallos (Ecuadorian Educator) |
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1854 | Lucy Craft Laney (Georgia-born African-American Educator) |
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1873 | John W. Davis (West Virginia Attorney, Statesman: Democratic Party's 1924 Nominee for U.S. President) |
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1890 | Frank Murphy (Michigan-born Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court) |
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1907 | Harold E. Stassen (Governor of Minnesota: 1939 - 1943) |
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1933 | Ben Nighthorse Campbell (Native-American U.S. Senator from Colorado, Born in California) |
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1944 | Charles Burnett (Mississippi-born African-American Film Director, Producer, Screenwriter) |
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1945 | Tony Dow (Los Angeles-born Actor, Producer: Wally on "Leave It to Beaver") |
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1946 | Al Green (Arkansas-born African-American Member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame) |
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1951 | Peabo Bryson (South Carolina-born African-American Singer) |
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1967 | Olga Teresa Tańón (Puerto Rican Grammy-Winning Singer) |
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1970 | Rick Schroder (New York City-born Actor) |
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1963 | Gary Kasparov (Azerbaijan-born World Chess Champion) |
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1888 | Robert Mills (Kentucky-born Texas Business Leader) |
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1925 | Elwood Haynes (Indiana-born Auto Industry Pioneer) |
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1993 | Wallace Stegner (Iowa-born Pulitzer Prize-winning Author of Western Novels) |
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1059 | Pope Nicholas II Decrees That the Election of the Pope Will be by Cardinal Bishops Only |
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1360 | Hail Storm Kills an Estimated 1,000 British Soldiers in Chartres, France |
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1534 | Thomas More, Lord Chancellor of England, Refuses to Take Henry VIII's Oath to the English Succession |
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1598 | King Henry IV of France Issues the Edict of Nantes, Granting Religious Freedom to non-Catholics |
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1742 | Handel's Messiah Is First Performed Publicly in Dublin, Ireland |
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1777 | British Troops Route Americans at the Village of Bound Brook in Central New Jersey |
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1785 | The Continental Congress Grants Land Rights in the Northwest Territory to Refugees of Nova Scotia Who supported the American Revolution |
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1788 | Protestors Ransack a New York City Hospital They Believe to be Robbing Graves of Bodies for Medical Students |
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1802 | In Indiana, the Society of Friends Decides to Build a Farm in Huntington County for Teaching Agriculture to Native Americans |
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1805 |
![]() Lewis: Being disappointed in my observations of yesterday for Longitude, I was unwilling to remain at the entrance of the river another day for that purpose, and therefore determined to set out early this morning; which we did accordingly; the wind was in our favour after 9 A. M. and continued favourable untill three 3 P. M. we therefore hoisted both the sails in the White Peroge, consisting of a small squar sail, and spritsail, which carried her at a pretty good gate, untill about 2 in the afternoon when a suddon squall of wind struck us and turned the perogue so much on the side as to allarm Sharbono who was steering at the time, in this state of alarm he threw the perogue with her side to the wind, when the spritsail gibing was as near overseting the perogue as it was possible to have missed. the wind however abating for an instant I ordered Drewyer to the helm and the sails to be taken in, which was instant executed and the perogue being steered before the wind was agin plased in a state of security. this accedent was very near costing us dearly. beleiving this vessell to be the most steady and safe, we had embarked on board of it our instruments, Papers, medicine and the most valuable part of the merchandize which we had still in reserve as presents for the Indians. we had also embarked on board ourselves, with three men who could not swim and the squaw with the young child, all of whom, had the perogue overset, would most probably have perished, as the waves were high, and the perogue upwards of 200 yards from the nearest shore; however we fortunately escaped and pursued our journey under the square sail, which shortly after the accident I directed to be again hoisted.
our party caught three beaver last evening; and the French hunters 7. as there was much appearance of beaver just above the entrance of the little Missouri these hunters concluded to remain some days; we therefore left them without the expectation of seeing them again.— just above the entrance of the Little Missouri the great Missouri is upwards of
[Former Lucky Mound Creek in McLean County, North Dakota, also known as Rising Water or Pride Creek; it is
from the quantity of wild onions which grow in the plains on it's borders. Capt. Clark who was on shore informed me [Shell Creek, now inundated, in Mountrail County, North Dakota; the actual source is much higher than the captains thought. The lake, "Goose Egg Lake", is also under Garrison Reservoir]. discharging itself in the center of a deep bend. of this creek and the neighbouring country, Capt. Clark who was on shore gave me the following discription "This creek I took to be a small river from it's size, and the quantity of water which it discharged. I ascended it 1˝ miles, and found it the discharge of a pond or small lake, which had the appearance of having formerly been the bed of the Missouri. several small streems discharge themselves into this lake. the country on both sides consists of beautifull level and elivated plains; asscending as they recede from the Missouri;
there were a great number of Swan and geese in this lake and near it's borders I saw the remains of 43 temperary Indian lodges, which I presume were those of the Assinniboins who are now in the neighbourhood of the British establishments on the Assinniboin river—" This lake and it's discharge we call goos Egg from the circumstance of Capt. Clark shooting a goose while on her nest in the top of a lofty cotton wood tree, from which we afterwards took
[Nesting in trees is contrary to the habits of the Canada goose in the East. Nineteenth-century ornithologists
saw some Buffaloe and Elk at a distance today but killed none of them. we found a number of carcases of the
we saw also many tracks of the white bear of enormous size, along the river shore and about the carcases of the Buffaloe, on which I presume they feed. we have not as yet seen one of these anamals, tho' their tracks are so abundant and recent. the men as well as ourselves are anxious to meet with some of these bear. the Indians give a very formidable account of the strengh and ferocity of this anamal, which they never dare to attack but in parties of six eight or ten persons; and are even then frequently defeated with the loss of one or more of their party. the savages attack this anamal with their bows and arrows and the indifferent guns with which the traders furnish them, with these they shoot with such uncertainty and at so short a distance, that they frequently mis their aim & fall a sacrefice to the bear. two Minetaries were killed during the last winter in an attack on a white bear. this anamall is said more frequently to attack a man on meeting with him, than to flee from him. When the Indians are about to go in quest of the white bear, previous to their departure, they paint themselves and perform all those supersticious rights commonly observed when they are about to make war uppon a neighbouring nation.
Oserved more bald eagles on this part of the Missouri than we have previously seen. saw the small hawk, frequently called the sparrow hawk, which is common to most parts of the U States. great quantities of gees are seen feeding in the praries. saw a large flock of white brant or gees with black wings pass up the river; there were a number of gray brant with them; from their flight I presume they proceed much further still to the N. W.— we have never been enabled yet to shoot one of these birds, and cannot therefore determine whether the gray brant found with the white are their brude of the last year or whether they are the same with the grey brant common to the Mississippi and lower part of the Missouri.—
we killed 2 Antelopes today which we found swiming from the S. to the N. side of the river; they were very poor.— We encamped this evening on the Stard. shore in a beautifull plain. elivated about 30 feet above the river.
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1806 |
![]() Lewis: The loss of one of our perogues rendered it necessary to distribute her crew and cargo among the 2 remaining perogues and 2 canoes, which being done we loaded and set out 8 A. M. we passed the village immediately above the rapids where only one house at present remains entire, the other 8 having been taken down and removed to the oposite side of the river as before mentioned. we found the additional laiding which we had been compelled to put on board rendered our vessels extreemly inconvenient to mannage and in short reather unsafe in the event of high winds; I therefore left Capt. C. with the two Perogues to proceede up the river on the N. side, and with the two canoes and some additional hands passed over the river above the rapids of the Y-eh-huh village in order to purchase one or more canoes. I found the village consisting of 11 houses crouded with inhabitants; it appeared to me that they could have mustered about 60 fighting men then present. they appeared very friendly disposed, and I soon obtained two small canoes from them for which I gave two robes and four elkskins. I also purchased four paddles and three dogs from them with deerskins.
the dog now constitutes a considerable part of our subsistence and with most of the party has become a favorite food; certain I am that it is a healthy strong diet, and from habit it has become by no means disagreeable to me, I prefer it
after remaining about 2 hours at this Village I departed and continued my rout with the four canoes along the S. side of the river the wind being too high to pass over to the entrance of Cruzatts river where I expected to have overtaken
a little before we had completed our meal Capt. C. arrived with the perogues and landed opposite to us. [4] after dinner I passed the river to the perogues and found that Capt. C. had halted for the evening and was himself hunting with the men in formed me that they had seen nothing of the hunters whom we had sent on the 11th ints. to the Entrance of Cruzatt's Riv. I directed Sergt. ordway to take the two small canoes for his mess and the loading which he had formerly carried in the perogue we lost yesterday, and to have them dryed this evening and payed with rozin. Capt. Clark returned in about an hour and being convinced that the hunters were yet behind we dispatched Sergt. Pryor in surch of them with two men and an empty canoe to bring the meat they may have killed. John Sheilds returned a little after six P. M. with two deer which he had killed. these were also of the blacktailed fallow deer; there appears to be no other speceis of deer in these mountains.
Capt. C. informed me that the wind had detained him several hours a little above Cruzatt's river; that while detained here he sent out some men to hunt; one of them wounded two deer but got neither of them. the wind having lulled in |
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1813 | In Alabama, Spain's Commander at Mobile's Fort Charlotte Discusses Terms of Surrender with U.S. General James Wilkinson |
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1823 | 11-year-old Franz Liszt Performs at the Imperial Redoutensaal in Vienna, Austria |
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1829 | In the Emancipation Act, the British Parliament Grants Freedom of Religion to Roman Catholics |
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1849 | In Monterey, U.S. General Bennet Riley Takes Over as "Civil" Governor of California |
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In Minnesota, the U.S. Army Officially Occupies Fort Gaines (Fort Ripley) to Monitor the Winnebago and Maintain Peace Between Ojibwe and Dakota |
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1850 | California Legislature Passes Foreign Miners Tax Requiring non-American Miners to Pay a Monthly $20 Tax |
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1861 | Union Troops Surrender Fort Sumter, South Carolina |
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1862 | Federal Gunboat, U.S.S. Beauregard, Shells Tampa, Florida's Fort Brooke |
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1863 | The First Orthopedic Hospital Is Incorporated in New York City |
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1864 | Federal Troops Destroy Two Large Salt Works in Florida |
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1865 | News of Lee's Surrender in Virginia Reaches Confederate Troops in Florida |
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1870 | The Metropolitan Museum of Art Is Founded in New York City |
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1873 | White Mob Massacres Over 100 African Americans at the Grant Parish Courthouse in Colfax, Louisiana |
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1874 | Fire Destroys Much of the School for the Visually Handicapped in Janesville, Wisconsin |
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1886 | 77 Chiricahua Apache Indians Arrive From Arizona for Imprisonment in St. Augustine, Florida |
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1896 | Plessy v. Ferguson Civil Rights Case Is Argued before U.S. Supreme Court |
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The American Guild of Organists Is Founded in New York City |
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1902 | First Council of the Knights of Columbus in Texas Is Founded in El Paso |
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1905 | Iowa Is Shaken by the Largest Earthquake in the State's Recorded History |
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1912 | The British Royal Flying Corps is Established |
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1913 | The Princess Sophia Strikes Alaska's Sentinel Island Reef and Is Damaged |
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1918 | German Troops Seize Helsinki from an Army of Finnish Supporters of the Russian Bolsheviks |
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1919 | 10,000 Protest Arrest of Two Indian Congress Party Leaders, British Troops Kill 379 and Wound 1,200 |
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1925 | Henry Ford Begins a Commercial Airline Service Between Detroit and Chicago |
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City of Naples, Florida Is Incorporated |
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1933 | First Enrollees of the Massachusetts Civilian Conservation Corps Arrives at Fort Devens |
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1939 | "Wuthering Heights" Premieres On Screen |
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1941 | Japan and the Soviet Union Sign a 5-year Nonaggression Pact |
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Trackless Trolleys and Buses Replace Streetcars in Seattle Transit System |
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1943 | President Franklin D. Roosevelt Dedicates the Jefferson Memorial |
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1944 | Martin Luther King Jr. Wins the Oratorical Contest at Atlanta's Booker T. Washington High School |
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1948 | General Dwight Eisenhower Begins a Ten-day Vacation at the Augusta National Golf Club |
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1949 | 6.9 Magnitude Earthquake Kills 8 in Washington's Tacoma/Olympia Area, Causes $25M Damage |
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1958 | Pianist Van Cliburn Is the First American to Win the Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow |
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1964 | Sidney Poitier Is First African American to Win Academy Award for Best Actor |
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1967 | Future Hall of Famer, Rod Carew, Plays His First Professional Baseball Game with the Minnesota Twins |
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1969 | NASA Launches the Nimbus-3 Weather Satellite |
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1970 | Apollo 13 Radios: "Houston, we've got a problem." |
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San Diego, California's Billy Casper Wins the Masters Championship |
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Losing Battles by Eudora Welty is Published by Random House |
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1972 | 10-day Major League Baseball Labor Strike Ends |
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1974 | NASA Launches Westar 1 Telecommunications Satellite |
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1975 | Civil War Breaks Out in Lebanon When Gunmen Kill 4 Christian Phalangists |
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Jack Nicklaus Wins His 5th Masters Championship |
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1980 | Seve Ballesteros Wins His 1st Masters Championship |
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1981 | Washington Post Reporter Receives Pulitzer Prize for Fabricated Story |
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1982 | 5.0 Magnitude Earthquake Causes Rockslides That Kill 1 Inside a South African Gold Mine |
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1983 | South Africa's Defence Amendment Bill Provides Alternative Non-Military Service for Religious Objectors |
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1984 | Pete Rose Gets his 4,000th Hit Exactly 21 Years after His First Hit |
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1985 | 80,000 Attend Funeral for Those Killed Observing Anniversary of South Africa's Sharpeville Massacre |
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1986 | Pope John Paul II Visits a Rome Synagogue in First Papal Visit of Its Kind |
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Golfer Jack Nicklaus Wins His Sixth Masters at Age 46 |
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Special Reunion of the Cast of the Andy Griffith Show Airs |
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1989 | Six Killed in Israeli Raid on West Bank Village |
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1990 | Soviets Admit to WWII Massacre of 5,000 Polish Officers in Katyn Forest |
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"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" Movie Is Copyrighted |
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1992 | 5.5 Magnitude Earthquake Causes Damage in the Netherlands and Northern Germany |
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Neil Kinnock Resigns as Leader of Britain's Labour Party |
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1997 | 21-year-old Tiger Woods is the Youngest and First Non-white Masters Champion |
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1998 | NationsBank and BankAmerica Announce a $62.5 Billion Merger |
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1999 | Dr. Jack Kevorkian Sentenced to 10-25 Years for Televised Assisted Suicide |
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2002 | Venezuela's Interim President Resigns after One Day in Response to Protests |
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2003 | Mike Weir Is the First Canadian to Win the Masters Championship |
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