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APRIL 19 |
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| Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching |
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| Why do you teach? Let Us Know. | 
| Tell Us about your most memorable teacher. |
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Today's 5-Minute Quest
Good Luck! |
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  Use all of these letters to spell the name of a children's author born on this date:
LETHAL JANE MAE |
Use all of these letters to spell the title of an Alfred Hitchcock film (according to the Museum of Modern Art filmography):
CE BAR CE |
(hint: all three questions will require you to use a link found on this page)
Use all of these letters to spell the name of a poet with whom Etheridge Knight contributed to the Black Arts Movement (according to the Academy of American Poets ):
I MARK ARABIA |
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Great Britain: Primrose Day
(Observed in honor of Benjamin Disraeli, who died April 19, 1881) |
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Swaziland: King's Birthday
(Commemorates the birth date of King Mswati III: April 19, 1968) |
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Uruguay: Desembarco de los 33 Orientales - Patriots Day
(Commemorates the revolution of 33 patriots: 04/19/1825) |
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Venezuela: Independence Day
(Commemorates independence from Spain April 19, 1810) |
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| 1902 | Jean Lee Latham (West Virginia-born Children's Author Awarded the 1956 Newbery Medal for Carry on Mr. Bowditch |
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| 1959 | Jon Agee (New York-born Children's Author, Illustrator) |
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| 1971 | Javaka Steptoe (New York City-born African-American Children's Author, Illustrator) |
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| 1666 | Sarah Kemble Knight (Massachusetts-born Diarist) |
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| 1832 | José Echegaray Eizaguirre (Spanish Dramatist: 1904 Nobel Laureate for Literature) |
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| 1900 | Richard Arthur Warren Hughes (Welsh Playwright, Short Story Writer, Novelist) |
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| 1905 | Thomas Hopkinson (English Editor, Pioneering Photojournalist) |
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| 1931 | Etheridge Knight (Mississippi-born African-American Poet) |
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| 1936 | Sharon Pollock (Canadian Playwright) |
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| 1772 | David Ricardo (English Economist) |
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| 1877 | Ole Evinrude (Norwegian-American Inventor) |
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| 1883 | Richard von Mises (Austrian-American Mathematician and Aerodynamicist) |
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| 1912 | Glenn T. Seaborg (Michigan-born 1951 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry) |
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| 1916 | Mary Lancaster Carnegie (Maryland-born African-American International Leader in the Nursing Profession) |
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| 1918 | Clifford Berry (Iowa-born co-Inventor of the First Electronic Computer) |
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| 1807 | Robert E. Lee (Virginia-born Commander of the Confederate Army) |
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| 1721 | Roger Sherman (Massachusetts-born Signer of the Declaration of Independence) |
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| 1832 | Lucretia Garfield (Ohio-born Wife of U.S. President James Garfield) |
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| 1857 | Napoleon Bonaparte Broward (19th Governor of Florida: 1905-1909) |
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| 1883 | Getulio Vargas (Brazilian Dictator) |
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| 1903 | Eliot Ness (Chicago-born FBI Agent) |
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| 1914 | Cora Brown (Alabama-born First African-American Woman Elected to a State Senate: Michigan) |
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| 1920 | Arnita Young Boswell (Detroit-born African-American Educator, Social Leader) |
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| 1931 | Hendrik Jacobus Coetsee (South African Statesman, Political Leader) |
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| 1968 | King Mswati III of Swaziland |
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| 1933 | Jayne Mansfield (Pennsylvania-born Actress) |
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| 1935 | Dudley Moore (English Actor ) |
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| 1937 | Elinor Donahue (Washington-born Actress) |
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| 1968 | Ashley Judd (California-born Actress) |
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| 1979 | Kate Hudson (California-born Actress) |
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| 1962 | Al Unser, Jr. (New Mexico-born Race Driver) |
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| 1012 | Alphege, the Archbishop of Canterbury (Martyred by the Danes in Greenwich, England) |
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| 1054 | Pope Leo IX (Born in France, the First Pope in Medieval Times to Actively Seek an End to the Marriage of Priests) |
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| 1390 | Robert II (Robert Stuart), King of Scotland |
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| 1689 | Queen Christina, of Sweden |
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| 1824 | Lord George Gordon Byron (English Poet) |
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| 1862 | Louis Harvey Drowns (Governor of Wisconsin; Drowned in the Tennessee River While Leading an Expedition to Relieve the State's Troops After the Battle of Shiloh) |
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| 1881 | Benjamin Disraeli (Prime Minister of England) |
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| 1882 | Charles Darwin (English Scientist Who Popularized the Theory of Evolution) |
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| 1896 | Arthur Ingram Boreman (Pennsylvania-born, First Governor of West Virginia) |
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| 1967 | Konrad Adenauer (German Chancellor) |
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| 1980 | Alfred Hitchcock (English Filmmaker) |
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| 1989 | Daphne duMaurier (English Author) |
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| 1993 | George S. Mickelson (Governor of South Dakota: Plane Crash in Iowa) |
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| 529 | Justinian I Is Crowned Roman Emperor in Constantinople's Santa Sophia Cathedral |
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| 1012 | Alphege, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Is Martyred by the Danes in Greenwich, England |
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| 1698 | Spanish Monarchy Authorizes a Fort in Pensacola, Florida to Protect the Area from the French |
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| 1775 | The Revolutionary War Begins in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts |
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| 1782 | The Netherlands Recognizes the United States As a Sovereign Nation |
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| 1804 |
 Letter from Sargeant John Ordway to his parents: Dear Parents: I am writing to you again to let you know where I am and where I am going. I am well thank God and in high spirits. I am under the command of Captain Lewis and Captain Clark who have been appointed by the presidnet to explore the western part of North America. We are planning to ascend the Missouri River with boat as far as possible. From then on, we will travel by foot until we hopefully reach the western ocean. Our party consists of 25 men from the army and country. I have been chosen as one of the men from the army. If I successfully return from this journey, I will be granted discharge from the army, my choice. We expect to be gone either 18 months of two years. In honor of our hard work, we receive 15 dollars a month and at least 400 acres of first class land. If we make great discoveries along our journey, the U'States has promised us great rewards. |
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| 1805 |
Lewis: The wind blew So hard this morning from N. W. that we dared not to venture our canoes on the river.— Observed considerable quantities of dwarf Juniper on the hill sides it seldom rises higher then 3 feet.— the wind detained us through the couse of this day, tho' we were fortunate in having placed ourselves in a safe harbour.
the party killed one Elk and a beaver today. The beaver of this part of the Missouri are larger, fatter, more abundant and better clad with fur than those of any other part of the country that I have yet seen; I have remarked also that |
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| 1806 |
Lewis: This morning early we had our small canoes drawn out, and employed all hands in transporting our baggage on their backs and by means of the four pack horses, over the portage. This labour we had accomplished by 3 P. M. and established our camp a little above the present Skil-lute village which has been removed a few hundred yards lower down the river than when we passed them last fall and like others below have the floors of their summer dwellings on the surface of the earth instead of those cellars in which they resided when we passed them.
there was great joy with the natives last night in consequence of the arrival of the salmon; one of those fish was with much difficulty we obtained four other horses from the Indians today, we wer obliged to dispence with two of our kettles in order to acquire those. we have now only one small kettle to a mess of 8 men. in the evening Capt. Clark set out with four men to the Enesher village at the grand falls in order to make a further attempt to procure horses. these people are very faithless in their contracts. they frequently receive the merchandize in exchange for their horses and after some hours insist on some additional article being given them or revoke the exchange. they have pilfered several small articles from us this evening.— I directed the horses to be hubbled & suffered to graize at a little distance from our camp under the immediate eye of the men who had them in charge. one of the men Willard was negligent in his attention to his horse and suffered it to ramble off; it was not to be found when I ordered the others to be brought up and confined to the picquits. this in addition to the other difficulties under which I laboured was truly provoking. I repremanded him more severaly for this peice of negligence than had been usual with me. I had the remaining horses well secured by picquits; they were extreemly wrestless and it required the attention of the whole guard through the night to retain them notwithstanding they were hubbled and picquted. they frequently throwed themselves by the ropes by which they were confined. all except one were stone horses for the people in this neighbourhood do not understand the art of gelding them, and this is a season at which they are most vicious. many of the natives remained about our camp all night.
Clark:
I left Capt L. at the bason and proceeded to the village early this morning with a view to recive the horses which were promised to be brought this morning for articles laid by last evining. in the Course of this day I purchased four horses at the Village, and Capt Lewis one at the bason before he left it.
after the baggage was all Safely landed above the portage, all hands brought over the Canoes at 2 lodes which was accomplished by 5 P. M. as we had not a Sufficiency of horses to transport our baggage we agreed that I should proceed on to the Enesher villages at the great falls of the Columbia and if possible purchase as maney horses as would transport the baggage from that place, and rid us of the trouble and dificuelty of takeing our Canoes further.
I set out with Serjt Pryor, Geo Shannon Peter Crusat & Labiech at half past 5 P. M. for the Enesher Village at which place I arrived at 8 P. M.
Several Showers of rain in the after part of to day, and the S W wind very high.
I entered the largest house of the Eneeshers village in which I found all the enhabitents in bead. they rose and made a light of Straw, they haveing no wood to burn. many men Collected. we Smoked and I informed them that I had come to purchase a fiew horses of them. they promused to Sell me Some in the morning.
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| 1809 | Former President Thomas Jefferson Sells an Indentured Servant to New President James Madison |
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| 1810 | Caracas Venezuela City Council Establishes Home Rule Independent from Spain |
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| 1816 | President Madison Signs Enabling Act Allowing Indiana Territory to Hold a Constitutional Convention for Statehood |
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| 1819 | The Residents of Zoar, Ohio Agree to Form a Commune Known as the Society of Separatists of Zoar |
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| 1825 | 33 Patriot Exiles Return to Liberate Uruguay |
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| 1836 | Arkansas' First Whig State Convention Nominates Absalom Fowler for Governor |
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| 1839 | Treaty of London Establishes Belgium's Sovereignty |
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| 1852 | The Wisconsin State Legislature Passes a Bill for the Establishment and Maintenance of a School for Deaf Children in Walworth County |
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| 1855 | Merced County, California Is Formed |
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| 1856 | Fresno County, California Is Formed |
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| 1858 | The Yankton Dakota Cede to the United States the Area Around Their Quarry in Pipestone County, Minnesota but Retain Free Access to the Quarry Grounds |
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| 1861 | Secessionist Mob Attacks Union Troops Moving through Baltimore |
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| Lincoln Orders the Blockade of Confederate Ports |
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| Florida Flotilla of 25 Confederate Tugs and Schooners Fails in Its Attack on Two Union Ships |
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| 1862 | President Lincoln Announces Ratification of Treaty with Potawatomi Indians of Kansas |
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| Wisconsin's Governor Louis Harvey Drowns on the Tennessee River While Leading an Expedition to Relieve the State's Troops After the Battle of Shiloh |
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| 1865 | President Lincoln's Funeral Is Conducted in the East Room of the White House |
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| On a National Day of Mourning, St. Paul, Minnesota Businesses Close, City Officials Wear Black Armbands and the Courthouse Is Draped in Black for 30 Days |
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| 1875 | Kiowa Chief, White Horse (Tsen-tainte), and His Followers Surrender at Fort Sill |
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| 1876 | Wichita Commission Votes Not to Rehire Policeman Wyatt Earp |
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| 1886 | Emerson's "Concord Hymn" Sung at Dedication of Battle Monument |
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| 1887 | Congress Approves the Incorporation of the Catholic University of America |
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| Massachusetts' Perkins Institution Dedicates the First Kindergarten for the Blind |
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| 1892 | Duryea Brothers Complete Prototype of First Commercially Successful American Automobile |
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| 1897 | The First Boston Marathon (15 Participants) Is Run from Ashland, Massachusetts to Boston |
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| 1899 | Seattle, Washington Lets the Contract for Its First Public Water Line |
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| 1902 | 7.5 Magnitude Earthquake Kills 2,000 and Leaves 50,000 Homeless in Guatemala |
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| The Duluth, Minnesota Public Library Opens |
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| 1906 | 4,000 South African Zulus Die in Rebellion Against Farm Taxes |
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| 1910 | The Texas Industrial Congress Is Organized in San Antonio |
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| 1919 | Negotiations Begin in Paris Over Italy's Claims to Territory in the Former Austro-Hungarian Empire |
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| 1924 | WLS Chicago First Airs the National Barn Dance |
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| West Texas Historical Association Is Organized in Abilene |
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| 1929 | The Fox Theater Is the Last Music Hall to Open in Seattle, Washington |
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| 1930 | Publix Supermarkets Is Incorporated by George Jenkins of Lakeland, Florida |
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| 1933 | The United States Goes Off the Gold Standard |
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| John W. Troy, Owner of the Daily Alaska Empire Is Inaugurated as the 12th Governor of Alaska |
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| 1934 | Shirley Temple's Stand Up & Cheer Premieres |
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| 1938 | RCA-NBC Begins First Regular Television Broadcasting |
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| 1939 | Connecticut Approves Bill of Rights 148 Years Late |
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| John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath" Is Copyrighted |
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| 1940 | Lake Shore Ltd Railroad Derails Killing 34 Near Little Falls, NY |
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| 1942 | France's General Giraud Escapes From the Nazi Castle Prison at Konigstein |
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| 1943 | The Jewish Warsaw Ghetto Resistance Begins |
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| 1945 | Rodgers & Hammerstein Carousel Opens on Broadway |
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| "Hail! Minnesota" Becomes the State Song |
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| 1948 | The U.S. Tests a Plutonium Bomb at Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands |
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| 1951 | Relieved of His Command in Korea by Truman, General MacArthur Bids Farewell to Congress |
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| 1953 | 7.3 Magnitude Earthquake Is Centered on Alaska's Fox Islands |
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| 1955 | Volkswagen of America, Inc. Is Established in New Jersey |
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| 1956 | Grace Kelly Marries Prince Rainier |
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| Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot Opens on Broadway |
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| 1959 | The 14th Dalai Lama Is Given Sanctuary in India |
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| 1960 | South West African People's Organisation is Founded in President-Day Namibia to Oppose South African Rule |
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| South Korean Students Protest the Corrupt and Authoritarian Government of President Syngman Rhee |
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| 1967 | Civil Rights Activist, Stokely Carmichael, Speaks to 4,000 at Seattle's Garfield High School |
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| 1969 | African-American Students Forcibly Occupy Cornell's Willard Straight Hall to Protest Racism |
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| 1971 | Soviets Launches Salyut 1, First Manned Orbiting Space Lab |
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| Vietnam Veterans Begin 5-day Antiwar Protest in Washington, D.C. |
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| 1972 | Gen. Frederic Davidson First African-American Commander of an Army Division |
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| 1973 | NASA Launches the Anik A2 (Telesat 2) Communications Satellite |
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| 1979 | Georgia Declares the Azalea to Be Its Official State Flower |
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| 1982 | Soviets Launch Salyut 7 Space Station Into Orbit |
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| 1985 | 16th Space Shuttle Mission Discovery 4 Returns to Earth |
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| 1989 | A Gun Turret Explodes Aboard the USS Iowa, Killing 47 Sailors |
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| 1993 | FBI Storms Branch Dividian Compound in Waco, Texas: 80 die |
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| South Dakota's Governor, George S. Mickelson, Dies in an Iowa Plane Crash |
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| 1995 | Bomb Destroys Oklahoma City Federal Building: 168 Die |
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| Georgia Declares the Peanut to Be Its Official State Crop |
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| 1997 | Fires Break Out in the Flooded Downtown of Grand Forks, North Dakota |
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| 1999 | The German Parliament Returns to the Restored Reichstag in Berlin, Its Prewar Capital |
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| The Seattle Space Needle Is Designated as an Historic Landmark |
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| 2001 | NASA Launches Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-100) for ISS Docking Mission |
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| The Musical ''The Producers'' Opens on Broadway |
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| 2005 | USDA Announces First Revised to the 1992 Food Guide Pyramid |
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| German Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger Chosen to be Pope Benedict XVI |
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