The K-12 TLC Daily Almanac

for

		MAY 20

Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching

Why do you teach? Let Us Know.		Tell Us about your most memorable teacher.

Today's 5-Minute Quest

Answers to all questions can be found on this page or by using links provided on this page.
Good Luck!

BEGINNERS

1. What state seceded from the Union on this date in 1861? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. In what year was Dolley Madison born on this date? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

3. According to Random House, Mary Pope Osborne is the author of what popular book series? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the name a children's author born on this day:
RICO CLARK CAR

INTERMEDIATE

1. In what year did Christopher Columbus die on this date? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. According to the Nobel Foundation, with whom did Frédéric Passy share the 1901 Nobel Peace Prize? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

3. According to the United States Mint, whose portrait did Dolley Madison save when the British burned the capital in 1814? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the title of one of the first five books from Mary Pope Osborne's Magic Tree House Series (according to Kidsreads):
TONES STRAIN A POP

EXPERT
(hint: all three questions will require you to use a link found on this page)

1. According to his Hewlett-Packard biography, from what institution did William Hewlett receive his master's degree in electrical engineering?

2. According to Blupete.com, what was the title of John Stuart Mill's most famous work published in 1859?

3. According to the Fordham University Modern History Sourcebook, on what date was the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence first published in the Raleigh Register?

Use all of these letters to spell the title of an 1837 work by Honoré de Balzac (according to Authors' Calendar):
A BAG ARM

Dolley Madison Born on This Date 1768 [Library of Congress]	Honoré de Balzac Born on This Date 1799 [Hungarian Electronic Library]	Frédéric Passy Born on This Date 1822 [Britannica]	William Hewlett Born on This Date 1913 [Stanford University]	Mary Pope Osborne Born on This Date 1949 [NCTE]


Cameroon: National Day (Commemorates ratification of the Cameroon constitution: 5/20/1972)
Cuba: Independence Day (Commemorates freedom from Spain 5/20/1898 and end of U.S. military protectorate 5/20/1902)



1898	Leclaire Gowans Alger (Ohio-born Children's Author Who Published under the Name of Sorche Nic Leodhas)
1917	Donald Elmer Lawson (Chicago-born Children's Author, Historian)
1928	Shirley Rousseau Murphy (California-born Children's Author)
1935	Carol Carrick (New York City-born Children's Author)
1945	Carolyn Croll (South Dakota-born Children's Author, Artist)
1949	Mary Pope Osborne (Oklahoma-born Children's Author)
1963	Caralyn Buehner (Utah-born Children's Author)

1799	Honoré de Balzac (French Novelist, Short-Story Writer)
1806	John Stuart Mill (English Philosopher, Economist)
1882	Sigrid Undset (Danish-Norwegian Novelist; 1928 Nobel Laureate for Literature)
1890	Allan Nevins (Illinois-born Journalist, Historian)
1894	Adela Rogers Saint Johns (Los Angeles-born Journalist, Novelist, Screenwriter)
1900	Lydia Cabrera (Cuban-American Ethnologist, Writer)
1904	Margery Allingham (English Crime Novelist)

1759	William Thornton (British West Indies-born Architect of the U.S. Capitol Building)
1895	R. J. Mitchell (English Aircraft Designer of the Spitfire Fighter)

1943	Tison Street (Massachusetts-born Composer)

1944	David Walker (Georgia-born Astronaut)

1851	Emil Berliner (German-American Inventor)
1860	Eduard Buchner (German-American Chemist; 1907 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry)
1913	William Hewlett (Michigan-born co-Founder of Hewlett-Packard Co.)

1750	Stephen Girard (French-American Financier, Philanthropist)
1818	William George Fargo (New York-born Founder Wells, Fargo & Company)

1768	Dolley Madison (North Carolina-born Wife of U.S. President James Madison)
1822	Frédéric Passy (French-born 1901 Nobel Laureate for Peace)
1872	Madeline McDowell Breckinridge (Kentucky-born Women's Rights Activist)
1891	Earl Browder (Kansas-born Leader of American Communist Party)
1899	John Marshall Harlan (Illinois-born Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court: 1955-71)
1915	Moshe Dayan (Palestinian-born Israeli Military and Political Leader)

1908	Jimmy Stewart (Pennsylvania-born Actor)
1919	George Gobel (Illinois-born Comedic Actor)
1930	James McEachin (North Carolina-born African-American Actor)
1936	Anthony Zerbe (California-born Actor)
1944	Joe Cocker (English Popular Singer)
1946	Cher (California-born Singer, Actress)

1921	Hal Newhouser (Detroit-born Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame)
1927	Bud Grant (Wisconsin-born Football Coach; Member of the Professional Football hall of Fame)
1940	Stan Mikita (Slovakian Member of the Ice Hockey Hall of Fame)
1940	Sadaharu Oh (Japanese Professional Baseball Player)
1942	Lynn Davies (Welsh-born Long Jump Gold Medal Winner at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics)
1942	Frew McMillan (South African-born Member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame)
1971	Tony Stewart (Indiana-born Auto Race Driver)

1506	Christopher Columbus (Italian Explorer Given Credit for Discovering the "New World")
1834	Marquis de Lafayette (French General)
1865	William King Sebastian (Tennessee-born U.S. Senator From Arkansas: 1848-1861)
1913	Henry Flagler (New York-born Industrialist, Railroad Magnate, co-Founder of Standard Oil)
1989	Gilda Radner (Detroit-born Comedian)
2002	Stephen Jay Gould (New York City-born Scientist, Author)


325	Nearly 300 Bishops Attend the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea Which Will Establish the Core Beliefs of the Christian Church
685	In Scotland, the Battle of Nechtansmere Forces the Angles Back Beyond the Forth
760	Halley's Comet Reaches Its Perihelion (Closest Point to the Sun)

1191	English King Richard I 'the Lion Heart' Conquers Cyprus on His Way to Join the Crusaders at Acre in Northwest Israel

1303	The Treaty of Paris Restores Gascony to the British in the Hundred Years War

1497	Italian Explorer, John Cabot, Sets Sail for Newfoundland Having Been Granted a Permit by England's King Henry VII
1498	Portuguese Explorer Vasco de Gama Is the First European to Reach India via the Atlantic Ocean

1609	The First Book of Shakespeare's Collected Sonnets Is Registered by Thomas Thorpe

1747	James Lind Begins Experiment of Value of Citrus in Treating Scurvy
1766	Colonists in New York Ring Church Bells and Set Off Fireworks to Celebrate the British Parliament's Repeal of the Stamp Act
1774	Parliament Passes Coercive Acts Extending Britain's Control over the Colonies
1775	Mecklenburg, North Carolina Declares Independence from England
1778	Battle of Barren Hill: British Forces Attempt to Trap 2,200 Continentals Defending Valley Forge led by the Marquis de Lafayette
1782	Disguised as a Man, Deborah Sampson Musters into the Massachusetts Militia
1791	In Augusta, Georgia, President George Washington Inspects Remains of British Fortifications Used During the Revolution
1792	British Lt. Peter Puget Leads the First Survey Tour of Puget Sound by Europeans

1804	Lewis was joined by several men in St. Louis who planned to accompany him to St. Charles where Clark was waiting. Along their journey, they were hit with a terrible storm which forced them to seek shelter in a little cabin for a short time. Because Lewis was determined to reach his destination on schedule, the men set out in the driving rain. The group eventually found the party which was in good spirits. St. Charles is located on the North Bank of the Missouri about twenty-one miles before the crossing of the Mississippi. The village consists of a Chapel, one hundred homes, and about 450 people. The explorers described the inhabitants as miserably poor, illiterate, and very friendly. They appeared to live in perfect harmony. These people are principally the descendants of the Canadian French. The explorers are loading for departure.
1805	A Spanish Royal Order Commands a Compilation of Data Concerning the True Boundary Between Texas and Louisiana
1805	Lewis: Set out at an early hour as usual, the banks being favourable and water strong we employed the toe rope principally; river narrow and croked; country much as that of yesterday; immence number of the prickley pears in the plains and on the hills. At the distance of 2¼ miles passed the entrance of a large Creek, affording but little water; this stream we named Blowing Fly Creek, from the immence quantities of those insects found in this neighbourhood, they infest our meat while roasting or boiling, and we are obliged to brush them off our provision as we eat. At 11 A. M. we arrived at the entrance of a handsome bold river which discharges itself into the Missouri on the Lard. side; this stream we take to be that called by the Minnetares the [blank] or Muscleshell River; if it be the same, of which I entertain but little doubt, it takes it's rise, by their information in the 1st Chain of the Rocky Mountains at no great distance from the Yellow stone river, [Musselshell River, here dividing Garfield and Petroleum counties, Montana, still bears the name the captains gave it, translating the Hidatsa name. It rises in the Castle Mountains in Meagher County, Montana, within one hundred miles of the Yellowstone River.] We halted at thentrance of the river on the point formed by it's junction with the Missouri determining to spend the day, make the necessary observations and send out some hunters to explore the country. The Muscle Shell river falls into the Missouri 2270 miles above it's mouth, and is 110 yards in width, it affords much more water than streams of it's width generally do below, it's courant is by no means rappid, and from appearances it might be navigated with canoes a considerable distance; it's bed is coarse sand and gravel principally with an occasion mixture of black mud; it's banks abbrupt and about 12 feet high yet never appear to overflow; the waters of this river is of a greenish yellow cast, much more transparent than the Missouri, which last is also much more transparent than below but still retains it's whiteish hue and a proportion of it's sedement. the Missouri opposite to this point is deep, gentle in it's courant, and 222 yards in width. The hunters returned this evening and informed us that the country continued much the same in appearance as that we saw where we were or broken, and that about five miles abethe mouth of shell river a handsome river of about fifty yards in width discharged itself into the shell river on the Stard. or upper side; this stream we called Sâh-câ-gar me-âh or bird woman's River, after our interpreter the Snake woman. [The stream, in Petroleum County, was for many years called Crooked Creek; it has since been renamed Sacagawea River.] Capt Clark walked out today and killed two deer and an Elk, the hunters killed 4 deer and Elk and a buffaloe. I saw two large Owls with remarkable long feathers on the sides of the head which resembled ears; I take them to be the large hooting owl tho: they are somewhat larger and their colours brighter than those common to the U' States.—
1806	Lewis: It rained the greater part of last night and continued this morning untill noon when it cleared away about an hour and then rained at intervals untill 4 in the evening. our covering is so indifferent that Capt C. and myself lay in the water the greater part of the last night. Drewyer, and the two Feildses set out on a hunting excurtion towards the mountains. Shannon and Colter came in unsuccessfull, they had wounded a bear and a deer last evening but the night coming on they were unable to pursue them, and the snow which fell in the course of the night and this morning had covered the blood and rendered all further pursuit impracticable. at 2 P. M. Labuish arrived with a large buck of the Mule deer speceis which he had killed on Collins's Creek yesterday. he had left Cruzatte and Collins on the Creek where they were to wait his return. he informed us that it was snowing on the plain while it was raining at our camp in the river bottom. late in the evening Labuish and LaPage set out to join Collins and Cruzatte in order to resume their hunt early tomorrow morning. this evening a party of indians assembled on the opposite bank of the river and viewed our camp with much attention for some time and retired.— at 5 P. M. Frazier who had been permitted to go to the village this morning returned with a pasel of Roots and bread which he had purchased. brass buttons is an article of which they people are tolerable fond, the men have taken advantage of their prepossession in favour of buttons and have devested themselves of all they had in possesson which they have given in exchange for roots and bread.
1829	Former Tennessee Governor Sam Houston Arrives in Little Rock, Arkansas on His Way to Cherokee Country
1830	H.D. Hyde of Reading, PA Patents the Fountain Pen
1842	Graham's Magazine Publishes Edgar Allen Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death"
1846	The New York Philharmonic Society Performs the American Premiere of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 ("Choral")
1856	English Inventor David Edward Hughes Receives a Patent for the Printing Telegraph Ticker
1859	Austrian & Italian Forces Battle at Montebello, Italy
1860	The Atlantic Publishes Harriet Prescott Spofford's Poem "Circumstance"
1861	North Carolina Is the 11th & Final State to Secede from the Union
	Kentucky State Senate and Governor Approve Neutrality Passed by the House
	Arkansas Is Admitted to the Confederacy
	The Capital of the Confederacy Is Moved from Montgomery, Alabama to Richmond, Virginia
1862	President Abraham Lincoln Signs the Homestead Act
1862	17 Union Troops Are Killed or Wounded in a Skirmish with Confederate Forces at Carr's Hill Near Florida's Gulf Coast
1864	In Georgia, Sherman's Federal Troops Take a 3-day Break to Replenish Supplies
1865	General E. M. McCook, Commander of the Federal Occupation Forces in Florida, Ordered the U.S. Flag to be Raised over the State's Capitol Building
1868	Republican Convention in Chicago First to Include African-American Delegates
1873	Jacob and Levi Strauss Receive Patent for Copper-Riveted Blue Jeans
1874	Tsar Alexander II of Russia Visits England
1875	17 Nations Sign the Convention of the Metre
1882	In Minnesota, 10,000 Trout and Salmon Are Added to Rice County's Cedar Lake
1885	Harrold, Texas Is Officially Platted
1893	In Texas, Amarillo Is Selected as the Seat of Potter County
1894	A Strike Breaker Is Killed by Striking Miners Near Birmingham, Alabama
1899	New York Cab Driver Jacob German Is First Motorist Arrested for Speeding

1900	The Second Modern Olympics Opens in Paris, France
1902	United States Ends its Military Occupation of Cuba
1902	In Minnesota, the State Federation of Afro-American Women's Clubs Is Organized in St. Paul
1909	Walter Eli Clark Is Appointed the 7th Governor of the District of Alaska
1915	British, Canadian and Indian Troops Attacks a German Line Located Near the French Village of Festubert
1916	In DeKalb County, Georgia the Face of Stone Mountain Is Deeded to the United Daughters of the Confederacy for Carving a Memorial to the Confederacy
1916	Norman Rockwell's First Saturday Evening Post Cover
1918	Dunbar Hospital Is Incorporated as Detroit, Michigan's First Not-for-Profit Hospital for African Americans
1920	The Florida Legislature Establishes Union County as the State's 61st County
1926	Air Commerce Act Establishes Customs Service Presence at U.S. Airports
1927	Charles Lindbergh Takes Off from Long Island, New York Bound for Paris
1929	Laurie Yonge Sets a World Record for Endurance, Flying Over North Florida for 25 Hours and 5 Minutes
1932	Amelia Earhart Takes Off from Newfoundland Bound for Paris
1933	Florida's First Civilian Conservation Corps Camp Is Established in Duval County for the Purpose of Creating 25 Miles of Fire Breaks
1935	In Washington, Mary Pickford Begins a National Stage Tour at Seattle's Metropolitan Theatre
1939	Pan American Airways Begins Trans-Atlantic Mail Service Flying New York to Europe
1940	Germans Break Through to the French Coast of the English Channel
1941	Germans Forces Invade the Island of Crete
1942	Japanese complete the capture of Burma and reach India
1942	Glenn Miller Records "I've Got A Gal in Kalamazoo"
1943	The U.S. Marine Band Performs a Special Concert on the White House South Lawn for President Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill
1946	W.H. Auden Becomes a U.S. Citizen

1951	U.S. Air Force Captain James Jabara Is the First Jet Air Ace
1954	Bill Haley and the Comets Release "Rock Around the Clock"
1956	United States Drops Hydrogen Bomb over Bikini Atoll
1958	In Washington, Fire Destroys the Seattle Cedar Manufacturing Wood Mill
1961	Freedom Riders Are Attacked by an Angry Mob as They Arrive at the Greyhound Bus Terminal in Montgomery, Alabama
1961	The Ford Motor Company Complete Construction of President Kennedy's Presidential Limousine
1965	A Pakistan Airways Boeing 707 Crashes Upon Landing at the Airport in Cairo, Egypt, Killing 124 People
1969	U.S. and South Vietnamese Forces Capture Hamburger Hill in One of the Bloodiest Battles of the Vietnam War
1970	100,000 People Demonstrate in New York's Wall Street District in Support of U.S. policy in Vietnam and Cambodia
1970	Beatles' Film Let It Be Premieres in Great Britain
1972	Cameroon Referendum Endorses Creation of the Republic of Cameroon
1975	England's Queen Elizabeth II Inaugurates the 28" Telescope in the Old Royal Observatory at Greenwich
1977	In Washington, the Seattle Aquarium Opens
1978	NASA Launches Pioneer Venus Orbiter to Explore and Map Venus
1979	Eudora Welty's Ida M'Toy Is Published by the University of Illinois Press
1980	59.5% of Quebec Voters Reject Separatism
1983	An African National Congress Rush-Hour Car Bomb Kills 17 and Injures Nearly 200 in South Africa's Capital of Pretoria
1985	Dow Jones Industrial Average Closes above 1300 for First Time
1987	An African National Congress Bomb Kills 3 and Injures 10 in Johannesburg, South Africa's Magistrate's Court
1989	Sunday Silence Edges Easy Goer to Win the Closest Race in the 114-year History of the Preakness Stakes
1990	7.2 Magnitude Earthquake Damages Buildings in Sudan
1991	The South African Government Restricts the Carrying of Traditional Weapons, Such as Spears and Axes
1991	A Court Ruling Settles a 17-year Legal Battle Between Ojibwe Indians and the State of Wisconsin
1992	6.3 Magnitude Earthquake Kills Over 50 People in Pakistan, Destroying More Than 400 Homes
1993	93 Million View the Final Episode of Cheers on NBC
1995	Pennsylvania Avenue Is Permanently Closed to Traffic in Front of the White House
1996	On a 6-3 Vote, the U.S. Supreme Court Strikes Down an Amendment to Colorado's State Constitution Restricting Rights of Homosexuals

2002	East Timor Becomes an Independent Nation
2005	NASA Launches NOAA N Polar-Orbiting Weather and Climate Satellite
2010	Scientist Craig Venter Announces Development of the First Synthetic Cell
2010	Mexican President Felipe Calderon Addresses a Joint Session of the U.S. Congress

MAY 20