The K-12 TLC Daily Almanac

for

			SEPTEMBER 27

American Civil Liberties Union

Hispanic Explorers, Pioneers and Astronauts

1999


Placido Domingo Born 1941 [HHAF]	Tina Ramírez [HHAF]	Antonia Hernandez Born 1948 [HHAF]	Gary Soto Born 1951 [HHAF]	Anthony Muñoz Born 1958 [HHAF]

Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching

Why do you teach? Let Us Know.		Tell Us about your most memorable teacher.

Today's 5-Minute Quest

Answers to all questions can be found on this page or by using links provided on this page.
Good Luck!

BEGINNERS

1. What holiday is celebrated on this date in the countries of Ethiopia and Eritrea? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. What song did Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters record on this date in 1943? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

3. According to the U.S. Congress, on what date did Hiram Rhodes Revels take the oath of office for the United States Senate? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the name of a political or social leader born on this date:
ABOLISH OUT

INTERMEDIATE

1. This date marks the birth of one famous female athlete from Texas and the death of another. Who are these two women? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. According to the University of Groningen, what are three jobs Sam Adams held as a public servant? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

3. According to the New York Times, Alfred Thayer Mahan was the world's greatest authority on what? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the name of an author, writer or poet born on this date:
ZNARK VIM

EXPERT
(hint: all three questions will require you to use a link found on this page)

1. According to the Library of Congress, how old was Kathy Whitworth when she first began playing golf?

2. According to the Nobel Foundation, for what achievement was Martin Ryle awarded the 1974 Nobel Prize for Physics?

3. According to Biography.com, what political icons were created by cartoonist Thomas Nast?

Use all of these letters to spell the title of a 1957 work by Jim Thompson (according to the Authors' Calendar):
THY POOR FLAGS

Sam Adams Born on This Date 1722 [Independence Hall Foundation]	Hiram Rhodes Revels Born on This Date in 1822 [Harper's Weekly]	Martin Ryle Born on This Date 1918 [Nobel Foundation]	Kathy Whitworth Born on This Date 1939 [Women's Senior Golf Tour]	Martin Hanford Born on This Date 1956 [Candlewick Press]


Ethiopia & Eritrea: Meskel (Observed annually on this date (September 28 in Leap Years) to celebrate the finding of the true cross of Christ and construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher)



1924	Bernard Waber (Pennsylvania-born Children's Author, Illustrator)
1933	Paul Goble (English Children's Author, Illustrator, Native-American Folklorist)
1956	Martin Handford (Pennsylvania-born Artist, Illustrator: "Where's Waldo?")

1871	Grazia Deledda (Italian-born 1926 Nobel Laureate for Literature)
1906	Jim Thompson (Oklahoma-born Crime Novelist)
1917	Louis Auchincloss (New York-born Attorney, Novelist)
1935	Joyce Johnson (New York City-born Author)
1942	Mark Vinz (North Dakota-born Poet)
1943	Ray DiPalma (Pennsylvania-born Poet)
1945	Kay Ryan (California-born Poet)

1840	Thomas Nast (German-born American Political Cartoonist)

1898	Vincent Youmans (New York City-born Composer, Songwriter)

1824	Benjamin Gould (Massachusetts-born Astronomer)
1876	Earle Raymond Hedrick (Indiana-born Scientist or Mathematician)	$American Mathematicians & Scientists$
1918	Martin Ryle (English Astronomer Awarded the 1974 Nobel Prize for Physics)
1925	Robert Edwards (English Physiologist Awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for Medicine & Physiology)

1830	William B. Hazen (Vermont-born Union General)
1840	Alfred Thayer Mahan (New York-born Naval Strategist/Historian)

1696	St. Alfonso Liguori (Italian Theologian)

1389	Cosimo de Medici (Italian Florentine Ruler)
1722	Samuel Adams (Massachusetts-born Patriot)
1822	Hiram Rhodes Revels (North Carolina-born African-American Member of the U.S. Congress)
1831	John Winans (New Jersey-born U.S. Congressman from Wisconsin)
1833	Madison Davis (Georgia-born African-American Slave, Politician, State Congressman)
1850	William Leake Terry (North Carolina-born Member of the U.S. Congress from Arkansas)
1862	Louis Botha (First President of South Africa)
1896	Sam Ervin (North Carolina-born U.S. Senator; Chairman of the Watergate Committee)
1950	Gerhard Schroeder (Chancellor of Germany)

1885	Harry Blackstone (Chicago-born Magician)
1920	William Conrad (Kentucky-born Radio, Film and Television Actor and Producer) )
1922	Arthur Penn (Pennsylvania-born Film Producer)
1924	Bud Powell (New York City-born African-American Jazz Pianist, Composer)
1934	Greg Morris (Ohio-born African-American Actor); Mission Impossible
1947	Meat Loaf (Texas-born Popular Musician)
1947	Cheryl Tiegs (Minnesota-born Fashion Model)

1935	Mamie Johnson (South Carolina-born African-American Female Professional Baseball Player)
1939	Kathy Whitworth (Texas-born Member of the Golf Hall of Fame)
1949	Mike Schmidt (Ohio-born Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame)
1959	Beth Heiden (Wisconsin-born Olympic Speed Skater)

1660	St. Vincent de Paul (French-born Catholic Saint)
1871	James H. Clanton (Georgia-born Confederate General)
1876	Braxton Bragg (North Carolina-born Confederate General)
1921	Engelbert Humperdinck (German Composer)
1944	Aimee Semple McPherson (Canadian-American Pentecostal Evangelist)
1944	Aristide Maillol (French Sculptor)
1956	Babe Didrikson Zaharias (Texas-born Professional Golfer, Member of the Track & Field Hall of Fame)
1960	Sylvia Pankhurst (English Women's Rights Advocate)
1991	Oona Chaplin (English-born Wife of Charlie Chaplin/Daughter of Eugene O'Neill)
2009	William Safire (New York City-born Columnist, Author Awarded the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for Distinguished Commentary)
2011	Wilson Greatbatch (New York-born Inventor of the Pacemaker, Member of the Inventors Hall of Fame)


1514	Spanish Crown Grants Juan Ponce de Leon Title of Military Governor of Florida

1777	A Company of Militia from Hampshire County, Virginia Is Ambushed by Native Americans in the "Narrows," South of Wheeling
1779	John Adams Chosen to Negotiate Revolutionary War's Peace Terms with Britain
1787	Text of the Proposed U.S. Constitution Is Printed for Public View in New York Journal
1791	Jews in France Are Given French Citizenship

1804	Clark: I rose early aftr a bad nights Sleep found the Chief all up, and the bank as usial lined with Spectators we gave the 2 great Cheifs a Blanket a peace, or rethr they took off agreeable to their Custom the one they lay on and each one Peck of Corn after Brackfast Capt. Lewis & the Chiefs went on Shore, as a verry large part of their nation was Comeing in, the Disposition of whome I did not know one of us being Suffcent on Shore, I wrote a letter to Mr. P. Durion & prepared a meadel & Some Comsns. [Certificates] & Sent to Capt. Lewis at 2 oClock Capt. Lewis returned with 4 Chiefs & a Brave man named War cha pa or on his Guard. when the friends of those people die they run arrows through their flesh above and below their elbous as a testimony of their Greaf after Staying about half an hour, I went with them on Shore, Those men left the boat with reluctience, I went first to the 2d Chiefs Lodge, where a Croud Came around after Speeking on various Subjects I went to a princpal mans lodgefrom there to the grand Chiefs lodge, after a fiew minits he invited me to a Lodge within the Circle in which I Stayed with all their principal men untill the Dance began, which was Similer to the one of last night performed by their womn which poles on which Scalps of their enemies were hung, Some with the Guns Spears & war empliments taken by their husbands in their hands Capt. Lewis came on Shore and we Continued untill we were Sleepy & returned to our boat, the 2nd Chief & one principal man accompanid us, those two Indians accompanied me on board in the Small Perogue, Capt. Lewis with a guard Still on Shore, the man who Steered not being much acustomed to Steer, passed the bow of the boat & Perogue Came broad Side against the Cable & broke it which obliged me to order in a loud voice all hands all hands up & at their ores, my preempty order to the men and the bustle of their getting to their ores allarmd the Cheifs, togethr with the appearance of the men on Shore, as the boat turnd. The Cheif hollowered & allarmed the Camp or Town informing them that the Mahars was about attacting us. in about 10 minits the bank was lined with men armed the 1st Cheif at their head, about 200 men appeared and after about ½ hour returned all but about 60 men who Continued on the bank all night, the Cheifs Contd. all night with us— This allarm I as well as Capt. Lewis Considered as the Signal of their intentions (which was to Stop our proceeding on our journey and if Possible rob us) we were on our Guard all night, the misfortune of the loss of our Anchor obliged us to Lay under a falling bank much exposd. to the accomplishment of their hostile intentions P. C [Cruzatte]—our Bowman who Could Speak Mahar informed us in the night that the Maha Prisoners informed him we were to be Stoped— we Shew as little Sighns of a Knowledge of their intentions as possible all prepared on board for any thing which might hapen, we kept a Strong guard all night in the boat no Sleep
1805	Clark: all the men able to work comened building 5 Canoes, Several taken Sick at work, our hunters returned Sick without meet. J. Colter returned he found only one of the lost horses, on his way killed a deer, half of which he gave the Indians the other proved nourishing to the Sick The day verry hot, we purchase fresh Salmon of them Several Indians Come up the river from a Camp Some distance below Capt Lewis very Sick nearly all the men Sick. our Shoshonee Indian Guide employed himself makeing flint points for his arrows Gass: A fine warm morning. All the men, who were able were employed in making canoes. About 10 o'clock the man came in who had gone to look for the horses, he had found one of them and killed a deer. I feel much relieved from my indisposition. In the evening the greater part of the war party came in, and some of the principal men came down to our camp. We could not understand what they had done, as we could only converse by signs. Medals were given by the Commanding Officers to 3 or 4 of them as leading men of their nation; and they remained about our camp. The river below the fork is about 200 yards wide; the water is clear as crystal, from 2 to 5 feet deep, and abounding with salmon of an excellent quality. The bottom of the river is stony and the banks chiefly composed of a round hard species of stone.
1809	Canadian Explorer David Thompson First non-Indian to Reach Pend Oreille River Region
1825	England's George Stephenson Engineers the First Train to Haul Passengers
1829	Dr. J. J. Parrot Is First Person to Climb Turkey's Mount Ararat in Modern Times
1830	Choctaw Indians Sign "Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek" Ceding All Land East of the Mississippi
1842	Milwaukee Wisconsin's First Public Music Hall Opens
1851	Land Is purchased for a Poor Farm to be Located in the Town of Yorkville, Near Racine, Wisconsin
1854	The Arctic Is First Ocean Liner to Sink in the Atlantic: 300 Die
1858	Britain's William Usherwood Takes First Photograph of a Comet (Donati's)
1862	First Federal Black Regiment Mustered in at New Orleans
1862	Minnesota's Legislature Passes the State's First Absentee Ballot Law to Allow Civil War Soldiers to Vote
1864	Jesse James & Others Massacre 20 Unarmed Union Soldiers in Centralia, Missouri
1867	Worcester, Massachusetts Announces the Opening of a Freedman's Bureau to Help White Employers Hire African Americans Newly Arrived from the South
1880	Rutherford B. Hayes Is the First U.S. President to Visit Oregon
1888	John Ireland Is Named Archbishop of Minnesota
1892	Czech Composer Antonin Dvorák Arrives in New York City to Take Up a Position at the National Conservatory
1894	Aqueduct Race Track Opens in New York City

1902	New Orleans Streetcar Employees Go on Strike for an 8-Hour Work Day and a 25-Cent-per-Hour Minimum Wage
1906	A Powerful Hurricane Kills Dozens in the Mobile, Alabama Area
1909	Earthquake Centered in Southwest Indiana Is Felt in 30,000 Square Mile Area
1918	Allied Troops Break through German Fortifications at the Hindenburg Line
1925	Construction Begins on the 13-mile Nurburgring Racing Circuit
1925	William Faulkner Publishes "Yo Ho and Two Bottles of Rum," in New Orleans Times Picayune
1929	Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms Is Published - First Run of 31,500 Copies
1930	Bobby Jones Wins the U.S. Amateur and Golf's Grand Slam
1935	Judy Garland Signs Contract with MGM
1939	Warsaw, Poland Is Surrendered to the Nazis after Weeks of Resistance
1940	Germany, Italy, Japan Form the Axis Powers Signing Tripartite Pact in Berlin
1942	Japanese Begin Withdrawal from New Guinea
1942	Glenn Miller and His Orchestra Perform Together for Last Time
1943	Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters Record Jingle Bells
1948	Texas' First Television Station, WBAP-Fort Worth, Begins Broadcasting
1948	William Faulkner's Intruder in the Dust Is Published

1950	U.S. Forces Take Seoul, Korea
1950	Heavyweight Champ Ezzard Charles Knocks Out Joe Louis in 15 rounds in New York City for the Heavyweight Boxing Championship
1951	William Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun Is Published
1954	In Delaware, the First 11 African-American Students Enter Milford High School
1954	The Tonight Show Debuts with Steve Allen
1956	U.S. Bell X-2, World's Fastest Highest-flying Plane Crashes
1957	The Richfield Oil Company Completes Its Well No. 1 Near the Swanson River on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula
1959	Soviet Leader, Nikita Khrushchev, Ends His Visit to the U.S.
1959	Typhoon Vera Batters Japan's Honshu Island: Almost 5,000 Die
1960	Igor Stravinsky Conducts the Premiere of His "Monumentum pro Gesualdo di Venosa ad CD annum" in Venice, Austria
1962	Rachel Carson's Silent Spring Is First Published
1964	Warren Commission Report Concludes Lee Harvey Oswald Acted Alone Assassinating JFK
1964	"The Beach Boys" Appear on "The Ed Sullivan Show" for First Time
1966	Santa Fe Junior College Opens for First Classes in Gainesville, Florida
1970	Jordan and the PLO Agree to Ceasefire
1977	Anacleto Montero Sanchez Receives Patent for a Hypodermic Syringe
1983	A Chorus Line Becomes the Longest-running Broadway Musical
1985	Hurricane Gloria Shuts Down Wall Street
1988	Canadian Sprinter Ben Johnson Fails Drug Test, Stripped of Olympic Gold Medal
1989	SONY Buys Columbia Pictures
1990	Senate Judiciary Committee Approves Supreme Court Nomination of David H. Souter
1991	Senate Judiciary Committee Votes 7-7, on Nomination of Clarence Thomas to U.S. Supreme Court
1995	U.S. Treasury Issues New $100 Bills
1996	The Taliban Islamic Conservatives Take Control of Kabul, Afghanistan
	U.S. Postal Service Issues an F. Scott Fitzgerald Commemorative Stamp
	A Statue of Author F. Scott Fitzgerald Is Unveiled in St. Paul, Minnesota's Rice Park
1998	Social Democrat Gerhard Schroeder Is Elected Chancellor of Germany
1998	Mark McGwire Becomes First to Hit 70 Home Runs in One Season
1999	Detroit's Tiger Stadium Closes After 87 Years

2001	President Bush Announces Increased Security Measures for Air Travel

SEPTEMBER 27

1999