(all this is the information of Too ne is a whipper will) the Chief of the Ricares [Recorees - Arikara Indians] who accompanied us to the Mandins, at 2 miles passed the 2nd Villages of the Manden, which was in existance at the Same time with the 1st this village is at the foot of a hill**

on the S. S. on a butifull & extensive plain— at this time Covered with Buffalow— a Cloudy afternoon, I killed a fine Buffalow, we Camped on the L. S. verry Cold ground Covered with Snow. one otter Killd

[*Clark is apparently describing a version of the Sun Dance, practiced by many Great Plains tribes. Endurance of such physical pain was part of the ritual practiced by several, but not all, tribes.]

[**There are a number of prehistoric villages in the area just above the camp for this date.]

after Passing this dificult rapid to the mouth of a Small river on the Larboard Side 40 yards wide descharges but little water at this time, and appears to take its Sourse

[The John Day River, marking the boundary between Gilliam and Sherman counties, Oregon.]

in the Open plains to the S. E from this place I proceved Some fiew Small pines on the tops of the high hills and bushes in the hollars. imediately above & below this little river comences a rapid which is crouded with large rocks in every direction, the pasage both crooked and dificuelt, we halted at a Lodge to examine those noumerous islands of rock which apd. to extend maney miles below,—. great numbs. of Indians came in canoes to View us at this place, after passing this rapid which we accomplished without loss; we passed winding through between the hugh rocks for about 2 miles—.

(from this rapid the Conocil mountain is S. W. which the Indians inform me is not far to the left of the great falls; the mountain is high and the top is covered with Snow)

imediately below the last rapids there is four Lodges of Indians on the Stard. Side, proceeded on about two miles lower and landed and encamped near five Lodges of nativs, drying fish those are the relations of those at the great falls, they are pore and have but little wood which they bring up the river from the falls as they Say, we purchasd a little wood to cook our Dog meat and fish;

those people did not recive us at first with the same cordiality of those above, they appeare to be the Same nation Speak the Same language with a little curruption of maney words Dress and fish in the Same way, all of whome have pierced noses and the men when Dressed ware a long taper'd piece of Shell or beed put through the nose—

this part of the river is furnished with fine Springs which either rise high up the Sides of the hills or on the bottom
near the river and run into the river. the hills are high and rugid a fiew scattering trees to be Seen on them either Small pine or Scrubey white oke.

The probable reason of the Indians residing on the Stard. Side of this River is their fear of the Snake Indians who reside, as they nativs Say on a great river to the South, and are at war with those tribes, one of the Old Chiefs who accompanies us pointed out a place on the lard. Side where they had a great battle, not maney years ago, in which maney were killed on both Sides—,

[These "Snakes" are probably Northern Paiutes]

one of our party J. Collins presented us with Some verry good beer made of the Pa-shi-co-quar-mash bread, which bread is the remains of what was laid in as Stores of Provisions, at the first flat heads or Cho-pun-nish Nation at the head of the Kosskoske river which by being frequently wet molded & Sowered &c.