The K-12 TLC Daily Almanac

for

		DECEMBER 8

Teaching - there can be no finer calling requiring the clearest demonstration of moral and ethical behavior. Ira Shull, For the Love of Teaching

Why do you teach? Let Us Know.		Tell Us about your most memorable teacher.

Today's 5-Minute Quest

Answers to all questions can be found on this page or by using links provided on this page.
Good Luck!

BEGINNERS

1. Which country adopted its constitution on this date in 1992? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. When Washington's troops retreated across the Delaware River on this date in 1776, where were they going? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

3. According to the National Inventors' Hall of Fame, how did Eli Whitney affect the industrial development of the United States? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the name of a children's author or illustrator born on this date:
IT WINS DUNE

INTERMEDIATE

1. On this date in 1850, who became the first African-American woman to earn a college degree? (hint: the answer is found on this page)

2. According to the British Monarchy, how old was Mary Stuart when she became Queen of Scots? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

3. According to the University of Virginia, how was James Thurber blinded in his left eye? (hint: you will need to use a link found on this page)

Use all of these letters to spell the title of a work by Horace (according to Authors' Calendar):
SPEEDO

EXPERT
(hint: all three questions will require you to use a link found on this page)

1. According to Virtual Finland, in Finland Jean Sibelius is comparable to what national figure in Great Britain?

2. According to the PBS biography, Diego Rivera is credited with the reintroduction of what art style into modern art and architecture?

3. According to the History Channel, what provision did Abraham Lincoln make for the property of those who had fought for the Confederacy, when he issued his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction on this date in 1863?

Use all of these letters to spell the title of a 1930s major work by James Thurber (according to San Antonio College):
LET TOWER FLASH

Mary Queen of Scots Born on This Date 1542 [British Monarchy]	Eli Whitney Born on This Date 1765 [World Almanac for Kids]	Jean Sibelius Born on This Date 1865 [BBC]	Diego Rivera Born on This Date 1886	James Thurber Born on This Date 1886 [Born Today]


Catholicism: Feast of the Immaculate Conception (Observed on this date annually to celebrate the immaculate conception of Christ)
Panama: Mothers' Day (Observed on this date annually in conjunction with the Day of the Immaculate Conception)
Uzbekistan: Constitution Day (Commemorates adoption of the Uzbekistan constitution: 12/08/1992)



1881	Padraic Colum (Irish Poet, Children's Author)
1897	Edwin Tunis (New York-born Children's Historical Author, Illustrator)
1911	Kin Platt (New York City-born Children's Author, Illustrator)
1913	Delmore Schwartz (New York City-born Poet, Children's Author)
1928	Miriam Chaikin (Israeli Children's Author)
1940	Mary Azarian (Washington, D.C.-born Children's Author, Illustrator)
1951	Kristi Holl (Iowa-born Children's Author)

65 B.C.	Horace (Ancient Greek Poet)
1790	Richard Carlile (English Journalist; Disciple of Thomas Paine)
1832	Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (Norwegian Poet)
1862	Georges Feydeau (French Playwright)
1894	James Thurber (Ohio-born Author, Humorist, Artist)
1906	Richard Llewellyn (Welsh Author of How Green Was My Valley)
1913	Delmore Schwartz (New York City-born Poet)
1936	Zhang Xianliang (Chinese Novelist, Poet, Political Dissident)
1945	John Banville (Irish Novelist)
1947	Ron Hansen (Nebraska-born Novelist)
1949	Mary Gordon (New York-born Novelist)

1861	Aristide Maillol (French Sculptor)
1886	Diego Rivera (Mexican Artist)
1894	Elzie (Crisler) Segar (Illinois-born Cartoonist: Creator of Popeye)
1922	Lucian Freud (German-born British Artist)

1865	Jean Sibelius (Finnish Composer)

1730	Jan Ingenhousz (Dutch Physician, Chemist, Engineer; Pioneer in the Study of Photosynthesis in Plants)
1765	Eli Whitney (Massachusetts-born Inventor, Manufacturer Who Perfected the Cotton Gin)
1947	Thomas Robert Cech (Chicago-born 1989 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry)

1542	Mary Stuart (Mary, Queen of Scots)
1626	Christina (Queen of Sweden)
1802	William Bebb (Governor of Ohio)
1828	Clinton Fisk (New York-born Prohibitionist, Educator: Namesake of Fisk University)
1868	Henry Hugh Proctor (Tennessee-born African-American Minister, Civil Rights Activist)
1903	Zelma Watson George (Texas-born African-American Activist, UN Delegate, Opera Singer, Educator)

1911	Lee J. Cobb (New York City-born Actor)
1925	Sammy Davis, Jr. (New York City-born African-American Singer, Dancer, Actor)
1928	Jimmy Smith (Pennsylvania-born African-American Musician, Songwriter)
1930	Maximilian Schel (Austrian Actor)
1933	Flip Wilson (New Jersey-born African-American Comedian)
1936	David Carradine (Los Angeles-born Actor)
1943	Jim Morrison (Florida-born Popular Musician of "The Doors" Member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame)
1947	Gregg Allman (Tennessee-born Member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame)
1953	Kim Basinger (Georgia-born Actress)
1964	Teri Hatcher (California-born Actress)
1966	Sinéad O'Connor (Irish Popular Musician)

1864	George Boole (English Mathematician: Namesake of Boolean Logic)	$Mathematics$
1891	Marcellus Lovejoy Stearns (Maine-born 11th Governor of Florida )
1910	James H. Stout (Iowa-born Founder of the University of Wisconsin-Stout)
1917	John F. Appleby (Wisconsin Inventor of the Twine-Binder)
1978	Golda Meir (Ukrainian-born Prime Minister of Israel)
1980	John Lennon (English Popular Musician, Songwriter Member of the Beatles)


1702	The Duke of Alburquerque Arrives in Mexico City to Assume Duties as the 34th Viceroy of New Spain
1743	Georg Frederick Handel's "Dettingen Te Deum and Anthem" Is First Performed in London
1755	Mission Concepción Near San Antonio, Texas Is Dedicated
1775	Americans Begin the Siege of Quebec
1776	George Washington's Retreating Army Crosses Delaware River from NJ to PA
1787	California's La Purísima Concepción Is Founded by Father Fermin Lasuén

1804	Clark: a verry Cold morning, the Thermometer Stood at 12 d. below 0 which is 42 d below the freesing point, wind from the N W I with 15 men turned out and killed 8 buffalow & one Deer, one Cow and Calf was brought in, two Cows which I killed at 7 miles Dst. I left 2 men to Skin & Keep off the wolves, and brought in one Cow & a calf, in the evening on my return to the fort Saw great numbers of Buffalow Comeing into the Bottoms on both Sides of the river This day being Cold Several men returned a little frost bit; one of men with his feet badly frost bit my Servents feet also frosted, I feel a little fatigued haveing run after the Buffalow all day in Snow many Places 10 inches Deep, Generally 6 or 8, two men hurt their hips verry much in Slipping down— The Indians kill great numbers of Buffalow to day— 2 reflectings Suns* to day [The sun dog, or parhelion, is produced by the sun's rays reflecting off ice crystals in the very high atmosphere. It is commonly associated with advancing frontal systems and was thus used by natives and modern inhabitants as a harbinger of an approaching storm] Ordway: the weather is 12 degrees colder this morning than I ever new it to be in the States. clear the wind N. W. about 9 oC Capt. Clark and 14 of the party set off a hunting The prarie we Shortly came in cite of a large gang of Buffalow. we Saw a nomber of the Savvages on horse back running after them. we proceeded on Capt. Clark & myself Saw 2 or 3 Buffalow by themselves we got near them & fires at them wounded one. the men all Scattered So that we missed oppertuntities of Surrounding the gangs of Buffalow. But we saw the praries Black at a distance down the River & in a Bottom which is abt. 5 miles from our fort we then went in to the Bottom and killed 2 cow Buffalow out of a large gang & wounded Several more. one of our men came to us who had killed a calf Buff. we left 2 men to take care of the meat. we then Set off to return to our fort walked a short distance to where calf was and carried it with us. walked fast. Saw a Deer 2 men met us with horses. we got to the fort a little after dark the hunters all come in had killed in all 6 Buffalow & one Deer. the men who went with Capt. Clark the air thick with Ice all this day, like a fog.—* Gass: In our hunt of yesterday, two men had their feet frostbitten. Captain Clarke and another party went out though the cold was extreme, to hunt the buffaloe; and killed nine and a deer. One man got his hand frozen; another his foot and some more got a little touched. Two men encamped out to take care of the meat.
1805	Clark: We haveing fixed on this Situation as the one best Calculated for our Winter quarters I deturmin'd to go as direct a Course as I could to the Sea Coast which we Could here roar and appeared to be at no great distance from us, my principal object is to look out a place to make Salt, blaze the road or rout that they men out hunting might find the direction to the fort if they Should get lost in cloudy weather—and See the probibillity of game in that direction, for the Support of the Men, we Shall Send to make Salt, I took with me five men and Set out on a Course S 60 W proceeded on a dividing ridge through lofty piney land much falling timber. passed the heads of 2 brooks one of them had wide bottoms which was over flown & we waded to our knees crossed 2 Slashes [Swamps] and arrived at a Creek in a open ridgey prarie covered with Sackacomma this Creek we were obliged to raft, which is about 60 yards over and runs in a direction to Point adams, we discovered a large gange of Elk in the open lands, and we prosued them through verry bad Slashes and Small ponds about 3 miles, Killed one and camped on a Spot Scercely large enough to lie Clear of the Water. it is almost incredeable to assurt the bogs which those animals Can pass through, I prosue'd this gang of Elk through bogs which the wate of a man would Shake for ½ an Acre, and maney places I Sunk into the mud and water up to my hips without finding any bottom on the trale of those Elk. Those bogs are Covered with a kind of moss among' which I observe an ebundance of Cramberries. in those Slashes Small Knobs are promisquisly Scattered about which are Steep and thickly Covered with pine Common to the Countrey & Lorel. we made a Camp of the Elk Skin to keep off the rain which Continued to fall, the Small Knob on which we Camped did not afford a Sufficiency of dry wood for our fire, we collected what dry wood we Could and what Sticks we Could Cut down with the Tomahawks, which made us a tolerable fire. Whitehouse: We had a hard white frost & cold, & windy morning. Our officers sent off 12 of our party early, in order to bring the Meat which was left by the 6 Men to camp. They embark'd in two Canoes for that purpose. One of our Canoes was carried off by the tide, during last night. Captain Clark & another party of our Men went across by land to the Ocean, in order to blaze a road, & to look out a convenient place for to make Salt. Towards evening the party that went with the Canoes returned with them, loaded with Elk & deer meat. The latter part of the day was cold & cloudy, & in the Evening we had a little Rain & high Wind from the North East—
1812	Earthquake Destroys the San Juan Capistrano Church Killing 40 People Inside
1813	Ludwig van Beethoven Conducts the First Performance of His Symphony No. 7 in Vienna, Austria
1823	Decatur County, Georgia Is Created in Honor of U.S. Navy Commodore Stephen Decatur
1824	The First Presbyterian Church in Florida Was Incorporated at St. Augustine
1845	German Astronomer Karl Ludwig Hencke Discovers the 5th Asteroid: Astraea
1849	Giuseppe Verdi's Opera, "Luisa Miller," Is First Performed in Naples at the Teatro San Carlo
1850	Lucy Ann Stanton Is First African-American Women to Earn College Degree
1854	Pope Pius IX Proclaims the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception
1857	Bee County, Texas Is Created
1859	Newton County Is Broken Off from Jasper County as the Last New County to be Created in Indiana
1863	Abraham Lincoln Issues Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
	The First National Bank of St. Paul Is the First Minnesota Bank Chartered under the National Banking Act of 1863
	Britain's Tom King Defeats American John Heenan to Be First World Heavyweight Champion
1864	All Men Ages 16-55 in Atlanta & Fulton County, Georgia Ordered to Report for Military Duty
1866	Clarinda, Iowa Is Incorporated
1873	The Community of Texarkana Is Established
1879	Louisiana Ratifies New State Constitution - Moves State Capital to Baton Rouge
1886	Union Leaders Found the American Federation of Labor in Columbus, Ohio
	The Residents of Browns Valley, Minnesota Refuse to Relinquish Records Needed to Move the Traverse County Seat to Wheaton
	The City of Arcadia, Florida Is Incorporated
1894	Jesuit Priests Dedicate First Building for What Will Become Seattle University
1896	U.S. Patent Issued to J.T. White for an Improved Lemon Squeezer

1900	In Alaska, the Steamer City of Topeka Goes Aground on Sullivan Island in Lynn Canal
1902	Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Is Sworn in As Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
1907	The University of Central Arkansas Is Founded in Conway as the Arkansas State Teachers College
1912	Over 1,000 People Gather at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York to Hear Boston Writer Mary Antin
1914	British Defeat Germans in the Battle of the Falkland Islands
	Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas Universities Form the Southwest Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
	Irving Berlin's Watch Your Step Opens at the New Amsterdam Theater in New York City
1931	William Faulkner's Idyll in the Desert Is Published by Random House
	Lloyd Espenschied and Herman Affel of AT&T Receive U.S. Patent No. 1,835,031 for Coaxial Cable
	George Gershwin's Pulitzer Prize-Winning Musical, "Of Thee I Sing," Premieres in Boston
1936	NAACP Sues for Equal Pay for African-American Teachers: Gibbs v. Board of Education
1936	NAACP Presents Springarn Medal Posthumously to John Hope, President Morehouse College
1940	Chicago Bears Defeat the Washington Redskins 73-0
1941	United States & Great Britain Declare War on Japan
	Senator Jeanette Rankin Casts Sole Vote Against U.S. Declaration of War
	Light Towers Intended for Wrigley Field Donated to Great Lakes Naval Air Station
1945	Toyota Motor Company Restarts Japan's Auto Industry Producing Buses & Trucks
1947	Brooklyn Dodgers Trade Dixie Walker, Outspoken Critic of Jackie Robinson
1947	McCollum v. Board of Education Is Argued Before the U.S. Supreme Court
1949	Chinese Nationalists Move Government to Formosa as Communists Attack
1949	Jule Styne's Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Opens at the Ziegfeld Theatre on Broadway

1953	President Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" Speech Proposes International Atomic Energy Agency
1960	The Lazy Mountain Children's Home Near Palmer, Alaska Is Destroyed by Fire
1961	Wilt Chamberlain Scores 78 points for the Philadelphia Warriors Against Lakers
1965	British Law Makes Racial Discrimination Illegal in Public Places
1966	North Vietnam Rejects President Johnson's Prisoner Exchange Proposal
1966	In Santa Fe, a New State Capitol Is Dedicated for New Mexico
1969	President Nixon Declares Vietnam War Is Ending
1969	Police Raid Black Panther Headquarters in Los Angeles
1970	The "Count Chocula" Trademark Is Registered
1974	Greek People Vote by Massive Majority Against Restoring the Monarchy
1976	5.2 Magnitude Earthquake Kills Four in South Africa
1979	The University of Delaware Defeats Youngstown State 38-21 for the Division II National Football Championship
1980	John Lennon Is Shot and Killed in New York City by a Deranged Fan
1982	Suriname's Military Regime Begins Three Days of Executing Political Opponents Without Trial
1983	British Parliament First Allows TV Cameras into the House of Lords
1985	Telethon Benefits West Virginia Flood Victims
1986	Jim Wright Succeeds ''Tip'' O'Neill as Speaker of U.S. House of Representatives
1987	U.S. and Soviets Sign First Treaty to Reduce Nuclear Arsenals
1987	Kurt Lidell Schmoke Inaugurated as First African-American Mayor of Baltimore
1990	5.2 Magnitude Earthquake Kills Four in South Africa
1990	Galileo Spacecraft Makes Its First Flyby of Earth on Its Way to Jupiter
1991	Former Soviet States Russia, Belarus and Ukraine Form the Commonwealth of Independent States
1991	Florida's Kimberly Bergalis Dies of AIDS Contracted from Her Dentist
1992	Uzbekistan Adopts Its Constitution
1992	U.S. Troops Landing in Somalia to Initiate Operation Restore Hope
1993	President Clinton Signs North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
1993	NASA Launches a Second NATO Encrypted Communications Satellite
1994	German Scientists Create Four Atoms of Element 111 Lasting .004s
1995	China Enthrones 6-year-old Panchen Lama
	Lithuania Applies for Membership in the European Union
	The Grateful Dead Announces It Is Breaking Up
1999	South African Leaders Nelson Mandela and Graca Machel Visit Seattle

2000	Florida Supreme Court Orders Hand Count of 45,000 Disputed Presidential Ballots

DECEMBER 8