K-12 TLC Guide to Architecture & Design. K-12 TLC Guide to Art. K-12 TLC Guide to Photography. I. Art Fundamentals A. Elements of Art 1. Line 2. Shape/form 3. Space 4. Color 5. Texture B. Principles of Composition 1. Rhythm/movement/pattern 2. Balance 3. Contrast/emphasis/variety 4. Proportion 5. Unity C. Processes and Techniques 1. Drawing a) Traditional and contemporary purposes b) Media, tools, and surfaces used c) Techniques used in drawing 2. Painting a) Traditional and contemporary purposes b) Media, tools, and surfaces used c) How changing technology has changed painting 3. Printmaking a) Traditional and contemporary purposes b) Media, tools, and surfaces used c) Types of relief printing d) Intaglio processes e) Lithographic processes f) Screen printing processes 4. Sculpture a) Traditional and contemporary purposes b) Media, tools, and surfaces used c) Techniques used in sculpting 5. Textiles a) Uses b) Range of materials and processes c) Impact of geography/environment on materials and uses 6. Photography: K-12 TLC Guide a) Traditional and contemporary techniques b) Effect on painting 7. Architecture: K-12 TLC Guide a) Techniques b) Materials c) Purposes II. Early American Art A. Life in the Eastern United States 1. Historical context a) Founding of the nation b) Settlement and nation-building c) The Civil War B. Neoclassical Art and Architecture 1. Background and intellectual principles a) The Enlightenment b) The Greco-Roman tradition c) The Grand Tour 2. Qualities of neoclassical painting, architecture, and sculpture C. Documentation of Landscapes and Nature 1. Impact of science on the visual arts a) Observation of natural phenomena b) Scientific drawings 2. The Hudson River School a) Background b) Artistic influences c) Stylistic tendencies D. Working Lives of Artists 1. Definition of folk art 2. Traveling portrait artists E. Independent Research Topic: The Relationship between Literature and the Visual Arts in Nineteenth-Century America F. Westward Exploration and Settlement 1. Historical context a) Lewis and Clark expedition b) Settlement of the West c) Transcontinental railroad 2. Manifest destiny and its representation in the visual arts a) Definition of manifest destiny b) Representation of manifest destiny in works of art 3. Documentation and idealization of the West a) Documentation of the West b) Idealization of the West 4. Vernacular architecture in the West a) Types of structures b) Construction methods G. Selected Early American Artists and Artworks 1. Thomas Jefferson, Monticello Jefferson was a statesman and architect who worked in a neoclassical style; he was influenced by Italian Renaissance and Parisian neoclassical architecture. a) Type of structure b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context 2. John James Audubon, Cardinal Grosbeak Audubon was a naturalist and illustrator who devoted his career to artful specimen drawings of American birds. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context 3. George Catlin, The Last Race, Mandan O-kee-pa Ceremony Catlin was a painter and illustrator who created over five hundred works documenting the appearance and customs of Native Americans; he based his studies on his extensive travels and contact with various cultural groups. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context 4. Asher B. Durand, Dover Plain, Dutchess County, New York Durand was a founding member of the Hudson River School; he painted pastoral landscapes of the Eastern United States based on the direct observation of nature coupled with an idealized view of the natural world. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context 5. Unidentified Portrait Painter, Family Group before United States Capitol Many artists, whose names we no longer know, traveled around the country or established studios and specialized in painting portraits of middle-class patrons; these artists were often trained informally. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context 6. Emanuel Leutze, Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way Leutze was a painter of large-scale, often melodramatic scenes from American history. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context 7. Unidentified architect, Palmer-Epard Cabin Domestic architecture in early America was often designed and constructed by ordinary people building their own homes and/or members of the community. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context 8. Albert Bierstadt, Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California Bierstadt was a painter who traveled to the far western United States and documented the landscape on a monumental scale, often incorporating nationalistic and religious symbolism. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context 9. Hiram Powers, The Last of the Tribe Powers was an American neoclassical sculptor who spent his career in Italy; he produced highly refined marble carvings treating historical, religious, or mythological subjects. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context 10. Winslow Homer, A Visit from the Old Mistress Homer was a painter and illustrator who avoided mere sentimentality in his penetrating depictions of contemporary life, events, and landscapes. a) Type of structure b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance in historical context III. Native American Art A. Introduction 1. Native American cultures prior to the arrival of Europeans a) Introduction/general characteristics of Native American cultures b) Southwest c) Plains d) Woodlands 2. Art and architecture in Native American culture a) Concept of art b) Functions of art (1) Religious (2) Social (3) Utilitarian (4) Trade 3. Techniques and Materials a) Ceramics b) Architecture/building techniques c) Painting d) Beadwork/textiles 4. Independent Research Topic: Native American Architecture 5. Contact with Europeans and its impact on Native American life and art a) Overview b) Impact of European artistic conventions on Native American art c) Tourist art B. Selected Native American Artists and Artworks 1. Sikyatki Cultural Group, Bowl (Sikyatki Style) This bowl was produced in the Southwest; it has religious iconography and likely served utilitarian or ritual functions. a) Type of object b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance 2. Pueblo Nation, Taos Pueblo The Taos Pueblo is located near Taos, New Mexico; it is constructed of adobe and is still in use today. a) Type of structure b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance 3. Cadzi Cody, Scenes of Plains Indian Life Traditional painting techniques of the Plains Indians were used to depict scenes of rituals or significant events; this example was created for the tourist market. a) Type of object b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance 4. Anishinabe Cultural Group, Cape This cape was originally part of a beaded men's ensemble that was worn on special occasions to indicate status. a) Type of object b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance IV. Photography A. Introduction 1. Development of photographic techniques a) Wet collodion process b) Gelatin silver process c) Adams's "zone system" 2. Survey photography in the nineteenth century a) Goals b) Techniques 3. Photographic documentation of Native Americans in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries a) Goals b) Comparison with paintings of Native Americans 4. The landscape photograph as art a) Objectivity versus subjectivity in photography b) Pictorial movement c) Adams's "previsualization" 5. Landscape photography and environmentalism a) Creation of national parks b) Sierra Club B. Selected Photographers and Photographs 1. Elias Bonine, Pimos Indians, Arizona Bonine produced many portrait photographs of Native Americans, often in a studio setting. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance 2. William Henry Jackson, Grand Canyon of the Colorado Jackson documented the landscape of the far western United States as part of a survey team. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance 3. Forman Hanna, Pueblo Scene Hanna photographed Native Americans of the Southwest in the context in which they lived; he worked in the "pictorial" style. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance 4. Ansel Adams, Winter Sunrise, Sierra Nevada from Lone Pine, California Adams transformed the genre of landscape photography into a fine art; he created idealized landscape photographs that were used to encourage environmentalism. a) Subject matter b) Techniques c) Aesthetic qualities d) Significance
	K-12 TLC Guide to Economics. K-12 TLC Guide to Energy. K-12 TLC Guide to Teacher Resources for Economics and Business. I. Fundamentals and Basic Microeconomics A. Fundamental Concepts 1. Organization of the study of economics a) Microeconomics, defined and examples b) Macroeconomics, defined and examples 2. Scarcity, trade-offs, and opportunity cost a) Definitions b) Simple examples 3. Basic types of economic systems: market, traditional, command/planned, and mixed 4. Absolute and comparative advantage a) Definitions b) Mathematical models 5. International trade a) Imports and exports b) Trends in the 1990s c) Trade deficits and surpluses B. Basic Microeconomics 1. Exchange and markets a) Voluntary exchange b) Barter and money c) Price mechanism 2. Demand a) Definition b) Law of demand, demand schedule, demand curve c) Factors influencing demand d) Graphing demand 3. Supply a) Definition b) Law of supply, supply schedule, supply curve c) Factors influencing supply d) Graphing supply 4. Price elasticity of demand a) Definition b) Marginalism c) Mathematical model 5. Equilibrium price and quantity a) Shifts in demand and/or supply b) Changes in equilibrium price and quantity 6. Market structures a) Competition b) Monopolistic competition c) Oligopoly d) Monopoly e) Government intervention II. Macroeconomics A. Basic Concepts of Macroeconomic Analysis 1. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply 2. Circular flow model B. Macroeconomic Goals 1. Business Cycles a) Twentieth-century history examples b) Recession and depression defined c) Growth, employment, and stable prices defined 2. Employment Act of 1946 C. Output and Economic Growth 1. Definitions a) Gross domestic product b) Real gross domestic product c) Per capita gross domestic product (nominal and real) d) Net domestic product, national income, other measures 2. Measurements a) Nominal, real, per capita b) GDP deflator c) Components and exclusions d) Measurement problems 3. Policies a) John Maynard Keynes and the Great Depression b) Supply-side economics and Reaganomics D. Price Stability and Inflation 1. Definitions a) Price level b) Inflation, deflation, hyperinflation 2. Measurements a) Consumer price index b) Problems of measurement c) The Phillips Curve 3. Policies a) Trade-offs b) Recent Federal Reserve policies c) Printing money E. Employment and Unemployment 1. Definitions a) Employment and unemployment b) Types of unemployment (frictional, cyclical, structural) 2. Measurements a) Methods, problems of measurement b) Differences among groups 3. Policies a) Unemployment compensation b) Job creation c) Great Depression examples F. Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand 1. Measurements a) Aggregate demand and aggregate supply b) Factors influencing aggregate demand and aggregate supply 2. Equilibrium price level and output a) Equilibrium defined b) Changes or shifts 3. Graphing aggregate supply and aggregate demand and shifts G. Fiscal Policy Options 1. Automatic stabilizers a) Unemployment compensation b) Taxes and spending 2. Budgets and spending a) Deficits and surpluses b) Components of the Federal budget 3. Taxes a) Types: personal income, corporate income, capital gains, sales, and property b) Impact on individuals and groups H. Money 1. Characteristics a) Portability, divisibility, and scarcity b) Gresham's Law 2. Functions: medium of exchange, unit of account, deferred value 3. Money and prices a) Definitions of money and price b) Relative prices c) Exchange rates I. Monetary Policy 1. Money supply a) Measurements (M1, M2, M3) b) Money supply targets c) Components of the money supply and recent changes 2. Interest rate management a) Money supply and interest rates b) Define interest rates (prime, fed funds, consumer) c) Housing mortgage rates examples 3. Federal Reserve System structure and stabilization tools a) Open market operations b) Discount rate c) Reserve requirements d) Moral suasion and Fed power J. Monetary Policy Goals 1. Growth, employment, and "easy money" policy a) Growth tools b) Growth consequences and unintended consequences 2. Contraction, inflation, and "tight money" policy a) Contraction tools b) Contraction consequences and unintended consequences K. U.S. Economic Policies and the Global Economy 1. Economic development a) Industrial economies (1) Defined, characteristics, recent growth rates (2) Current issues b) Developing economies (1) Defined, characteristics, recent growth rates (2) Current issues 2. Global price levels and inflation a) Relative prices/exchange rates b) Impact on development 3. Trade a) Imports and exports (1) Current levels (2) Recent history b) Measurement and trade balance (1) Deficit and surplus c) Exchange rates d) Regional and global trade agreements (1) Tariffs and other trade restrictions (2) GATT (3) NAFTA (4) European Community III. The U.S. Economy in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century A. Economic Forces in America from the Revolutionary War to the Early 1800s 1. Self-interest, economic freedom, ownership, property rights 2. British mercantilist policies a) Taxes (Tea Act, etc.) b) Trade Restrictions c) Monopoly power 3. Taxation without representation a) Whiskey Rebellion b) Tariffs and excise duties 4. Boycotts of British goods 5. Relevance of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations a) Laissez-faire, "invisible hand" b) Resources and production c) Economic freedom 6. Regional economic development: Northern, Middle, and Southern colonies a) Resources and population b) Specialization and interdependence c) Investment, development, and transportation d) Free trade, common market 7. Federalists and Democratic Republicans a) Size of government and its role in the economy b) Banking policy c) States versus the federal government d) Public debt 8. First stage industrialism and the factory system a) Regional differences b) Impact on families and development c) Key inventions and productive technologies 9. Labor Market a) Immigration in the North b) Slavery in the South B. The Constitution and the Economy 1. Clauses and amendments supporting competitive markets a) Promoting commerce b) Patents and copyrights c) Property rights and due process d) Money and coinage 2. Economic Goals and Trade-offs a) Growth versus stability b) Growth versus inflation 3. Promoting competition a) Anti-trust laws b) Interstate commerce c) Providing infrastructure 4. Private property rights a) Economic ownership b) Due process c) Entrepreneurship 5. Money system a) Qualities of money b) Currency c) Gold standard d) Inflation, currency, and credit, e) Shay's Rebellion 6. Establishment of national banks a) The First Bank of the United States, 1791 b) Early banking issues c) Roles of central banks 7. Freedom of enterprise, association, speech, etc. C. Westward Expansion 1. The Northwest Ordinance and the settlement of Western lands a) Government investment b) Growth issues 2. Thomas Jefferson's "Third Annual Message to Congress," 1803 3. The Louisiana Purchase 4. U.S., France, Spain, and England in the early 1800s 5. The Lewis and Clark Expedition a) Goals b) Impact on development 6. Government-sponsored exploration and building of infrastructure 7. Freedom of commerce and transportation 8. Incentives and private investment 9. Manifest destiny and economic growth D. The Historic Roles of Government in the Economy 1. Strong versus limited government a) Hamilton and Jefferson 2. Taxation a) What, why, how b) Fairness and equity c) Effects on population groups d) Revenue tariffs and protective tariffs 3. Providing public goods and services 4. Promoting competition and business regulation a) Infrastructure b) Subsidies E. Comparisons to Today's Issue 1. Role of government in the economy 2. Business regulation and the promotion of competition 3. Free trade
	K-12 TLC Guide to Language Arts. K-12 TLC Guide to Literature. K-12 TLC Guide to Poetry. I. Critical Reading A. Genres and their Characteristics B. Purpose and Main Idea C. Structure D. Restatement of Information E. Language and Tone F. Grammar and Syntax G. Diction H. Vocabulary in Context II. Novel: Death Comes for the Archbishop A. Introduction: Relationship to Theme 1. Nineteenth-century setting 2. Southwestern setting 3. Effects of Western expansion 4. Indigenous inhabitants B. Biography of Willa Cather (1873–1947) 1. Early life in Nebraska 2. Education 3. Early careers 4. Early publications 5. Visits to brother in Arizona 6. Earlier novels 7. Cather's use of a setting (in time and place) for Death Comes for the Archbishop that is different from the settings of her previous works 8. Later novels C. Influences 1. Literary a) William Howlett's biography of Father Macheboeuf b) Charles F. Lummis c) Ralph Twitchell's Leading Facts of New Mexico History d) Older inhabitants of Santa Fé 2. Artistic a) Puvis de Chavannes' frescoes b) Hans Holbein's The Dance of Death D. Literary Context 1. Other American novels of the 1920s 2. Essay: "The Novel Démeublé" 3. The Golden Legend E. Historical Context 1. The Mexican War 2. The Gadsden Purchase 3. The gold strike at Pike's Peak 4. The evacuation of the Navajos F. Structure of the Novel 1. Prologue 2. Books I–VIII 3. Book IX 4. Point of view 5. Digressions G. Themes 1. Old World versus New World 2. Cultural diversity a) Mexicans b) Americans c) Pueblo Indians d) Nomadic Indians 3. Tolerance and acceptance 4. Pioneer hardships 5. Importance of art 6. Miracles H. Characters 1. French priests a) Jean Marie Latour b) Joseph Vaillant 2. Mexican priests a) Padre Gallegos b) Padre Martínez c) Padre Lucero d) Padre Jesus de Baca e) Padre Herrera 3. Mexican neighbors a) Don Antonio and Dońa Isabella Olivares b) Don Manuel Chavez 4. Indians a) Eusabio b) Jacinto c) Manuelito 5. Historical characters a) Kit Carson b) Governor Bent I. Setting 1. Setting in place a) Rome b) Santa Fé c) The great diocese d) Landscape features 2. Setting in time a) Historical context b) Time span J. Literary elements 1. Contrasts 2. Imagery 3. Color K. Conclusion III. Shorter Selections A. Introduction: Relationship to Theme 1. Westward expansion 2. Native Americans 3. Slavery B. Speech on the Signing of the Treaty of Port Elliott, 1855 (Attributed to Chief Seattle (1786?–1866) 1. Background a) Early life b) Support of settlers 2. Speech on the Signing of the Treaty of Port Elliott a) Occasion b) Content c) Translations d) Tone e) Imagery f) Questions regarding the speech's authenticity C. "The White Man's Foot" from The Song of Hiawatha, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) 1. Background: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow a) Early life and education b) Travels in Europe c) College professorship d) Early poetry successes e) Interest in European forms 2. "The White Man's Foot" from The Song of Hiawatha a) Sources b) Meter c) Epic features d) Use of Indian folklore e) Popularity D. "Pioneers, O Pioneers!", Walt Whitman (1819–1892) 1. Background: Walt Whitman a) Childhood and education b) Teacher and printer c) Journalist and editor d) Leaves of Grass e) Civil War f) Drum-Taps g) Poor health and last years 2. "Pioneers, O Pioneers!" a) Conventional features b) Western theme c) Form and prosody d) Language and imagery E. "O Black and Unknown Bards," James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) 1. Background: James Weldon Johnson a) Childhood and education b) School principal c) Newspaper editor d) Lawyer e) Lyricist f) Diplomatic career g) NAACP executive secretary 2. Early writings a) Novel b) Autobiography c) Poetry 3. Harlem Renaissance 4. "O Black and Unknown Bards" a) Relationship to later poems b) Prosody c) Rhetorical devices d) Language F. "The Ballad of William Sycamore, 1790–1871", Stephen Vincent Benét (1898–1943) 1. Background: Stephen Vincent Benét a) Childhood and education b) Early literary success c) Fellowship to Paris d) "John Brown's Body" e) Other Writing 2. Place in literary history 3. "The Ballad of William Sycamore, 1790–1871" a) Form and meter b) First-person narrative c) Theme d) Imagery G. "A Story of How a Wall Stands," Simon Ortiz (1941– ) 1. Background: Simon Ortiz a) Childhood and education b) Language 2. Native American writing a) N. Scott Momaday's House Made of Dawn b) Poetry collections 3. Oral tradition 4. Sense of hereditary place 5. "A Story of How a Wall Stands" a) Situation b) Form c) Implied comparison d) Language e) Tone
	K-12 TLC Guide to Mathematics. Algebra: K-12 TLC Guide. Calculus: K-12 TLC Guide. Fractions: K-12 TLC Guide. Functions: K-12 TLC Guide. Geometry: K-12 TLC Guide. Trigonometry & Pre-Calculus: K-12 TLC Guide. I. General Math A. Applications Involving Integers, Fractions, Decimals, and Percents B. Basic Counting Techniques 1. Multiplication principle 2. Permutations and combinations C. Probability of Equally Likely Events II. Algebra A. Solving Polynomial Equations 1. Linear and quadratic equations 2. Higher order equations a) Quadratic form b) Remainder and factor theorem c) Rational roots theorem B. Solving Inequalities 1. Linear and quadratic 2. Absolute value C. Functions: Rational, Exponential, and Logarithmic 1. Domain range 2. Composition 3. Inverses 4. Graphing D. Complex Numbers 1. Operations with complex numbers 2. Complex numbers as roots of equations III. Geometry A. Right Triangles 1. Pythagorean theorem 2. Special triangles B. Coordinate Geometry 1. Midpoint 2. Slope 3. Distance formula 4. Parallel and perpendicular lines 5. Properties of quadrilaterals C. Plane and Solid Figures 1. Area of triangles, quadrilaterals, and circles 2. Area and volume of prisms, pyramids, cylinders, spheres, and cones 3. Properties of similar figures 4. Properties of circles a) Angle measures b) Tangents, secants, and intersecting chords IV. Trigonometry A. Right Triangle Relationships B. Trigonometric Functions C. Inverse Trigonometric Functions D. Graphs E. Identities F. Trigonometric Equations V. Differential Calculus A. Basic Limits and Continuity B. First and Second Derivatives and their Graphical Interpretation C. Equation of a Tangent Line D. Rates of Change E. Maxima and Minima
	K-12 TLC Guide to Composers. K-12 TLC Guide to Music. Patriotism, Diversity, and the Pioneer Spirit: An Introduction to Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century American Music I. Basic Elements of Music Theory A. Acoustical Properties of Music 1. Pitch 2. Duration 3. Volume (dynamics) 4. Timbre (tone color) B. Formal Properties of Music 1. Rhythm and meter 2. Melody 3. Harmony 4. Texture 5. Form a) Binary form (AB) b) Ternary form (ABA) C. Voices and Instruments 1. The four voice parts 2. Brass instruments 3. Woodwind instruments 4. Stringed instruments 5. Percussion instruments 6. The piano II. Introduction to Nineteenth-Century American Music A. The Pioneer Spirit in American Music 1. The New England Singing School Masters as teachers and composers a) The life and musical career of William Billings b) The compositional techniques of William Billings as compared with his European contemporaries 2. Benjamin Franklin and the glass harmonica; starting a tradition of experimentation in the American approach to music and musical instruments B. American Popular Song 1. The idea of Romanticism and the sentimentalism of mid-nineteenth-century America 2. Popular versus concert music in mid-nineteenth-century America 3. Stephen Foster (1826–1864) a) Foster's life and musical career b) Listening selection: "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" C. The Minstrel Show: Early American Musical Theater 1. A brief history of the minstrel show, from the early nineteenth century to the early twentieth century 2. Stephen Foster a) Listening selection: "Camptown Races" D. Caribbean and Creole Influences 1. New Orleans as a multi-cultural center in nineteenth-century America a) A brief history of the Cajuns b) New Orleans as a slave-trading center c) New Orleans and trade with Caribbean islands